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The Colonization of Land02:22

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Changes in the environment of the early Earth drove the evolution of organisms. As prokaryotic organisms in the oceans began to photosynthesize, they produced oxygen. Eventually, oxygen saturated the oceans and entered the air, resulting in an increase in atmospheric oxygen concentration, known as the oxygen revolution approximately 2.3 billion years ago. Therefore, organisms that could use oxygen for cellular respiration had an advantage. More than 1.5 years ago, eukaryotic cells and...
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In contrast to passive transport, active transport involves a substance being moved through membranes in a direction against its concentration or electrochemical gradient. There are two types of active transport: primary active transport and secondary active transport. Primary active transport utilizes chemical energy from ATP to drive protein pumps that are embedded in the cell membrane. With energy from ATP, the pumps transport ions against their electrochemical gradients—a direction...
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In contrast to passive transport, active transport involves a substance being moved through membranes in a direction against its concentration or electrochemical gradient. There are two types of active transport: primary active transport and secondary active transport. Primary active transport utilizes chemical energy from ATP to drive protein pumps embedded in the cell membrane. With energy from ATP, the pumps transport ions against their electrochemical gradients—a direction they would...
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Vascular plants, which account for over 90% of the Earth’s vegetation, all undergo primary growth—which lengthens roots and shoots. Many land plants, notably woody plants, also undergo secondary growth—which thickens roots and shoots.
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The total amount of energy acquired by primary producers in an ecosystem is called gross primary production (GPP). However, of this energy, producers use some for metabolic processes, and some is lost as heat, decreasing the amount of energy available to the next trophic level. The remaining usable amount of energy is called the net primary productivity (NPP). In terrestrial ecosystems, NPP is driven by climate, while light penetration and nutrient availability drive NPP in aquatic ecosystems.
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Primary Distribution01:28

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Primary distribution systems deliver electrical power from substations to consumers through various voltage classes, with 15-kV class voltages being predominant among U.S. utilities. Older 2.5- and 5-kV classes are being replaced by 15-kV primaries, while higher 25- to 34.5-kV classes are used in high-density urban areas and rural regions with long feeders. Three-phase, four-wire multigrounded systems are widely employed for balanced power delivery, using the neutral wire as a grounding point.
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Isolation of Primary Myofibroblasts from Mouse and Human Colon Tissue
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Primary colonic hemangiosarcoma in a dog.

Munetaka Iwata1, Takeshi Aikawa1, Yuta Miyazaki1

  • 1Aikawa Veterinary Medical Center, Veterinary Surgical Service Japan, 4-3-1 Nishi-ochiai Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 161-0031, Japan.

The Canadian Veterinary Journal = La Revue Veterinaire Canadienne
|April 3, 2018
PubMed
Summary

This study reports the first documented case of canine colonic hemangiosarcoma (HSA) in a miniature dachshund. The dog underwent surgery for both colonic and subsequent hepatic HSA, highlighting a rare presentation of this aggressive cancer.

Area of Science:

  • Veterinary Medicine
  • Oncology
  • Canine Pathology

Background:

  • Canine hemangiosarcoma (HSA) is an aggressive vascular tumor.
  • Colonic HSA is exceptionally rare in dogs.

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  • Clinical signs included hematochezia, melena, and weight loss.