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Updated: Feb 12, 2026

Developing a Rat Model for Bipolar Disorder
Published on: May 2, 2025
Further Evidence of Accelerated Aging in Bipolar Disorder: Focus on GDF-15
Fang Yang1, Izabela G Barbosa2, Erica L Vieira2
1Neuropsychiatry Program / Immuno-Psychiatry Lab, Department of Psychiatry & Behavioral Sciences, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston (UT Health), Houston, USA.
Background:
Bipolar disorder (BD) is a mood disorder associated with cardiovascular and metabolic diseases and premature aging. Growth differentiation factor 15 (GDF-15) has emerged as a biomarker for cardiovascular risk and aging. Our aim was to compare plasma levels of GDF-15 between BD patients and controls, and to evaluate whether they were associated with clinical parameters.
Methods:
Forty-six patients with type I BD (23 in euthymia and 23 in mania) and 33 healthy controls were recruited for this study. Plasma levels of GDF-15 were measured by immunoassay.
Results:
The levels of GDF-15 were significantly higher (p < 0.001) in patients with BD in comparison with controls. In patients, GDF-15 levels correlated with age (rho = 0.434; p = 0.003) and illness duration (rho = 0.502; p = 0.001).
Conclusion:
Our findings corroborate the view that BD is an illness associated with accelerated aging.
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