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Targeted protocols in mixed-mode surveys improve response rates for undecided individuals. The signal-and-send approach initially boosted participation more than web-first, with similar overall results by week 16.

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Area of Science:

  • Survey methodology
  • Social sciences research

Background:

  • Mixed-mode surveys face challenges with low response rates.
  • Targeting survey protocols based on respondent mode preference is an underexplored strategy.
  • Understanding sequencing effects for respondents with no clear mode preference is crucial.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate a targeted sequential design in a mixed-mode survey.
  • To compare the effectiveness of 'web-first' and 'signal-and-send' protocols for respondents with no clear mode preference.
  • To analyze the impact on response rates, fieldwork effort, and respondent characteristics.

Main Methods:

  • A 2016 mixed-mode supplement to the Panel Study of Income Dynamics (N=10,784) was used.
  • Respondents were categorized as likely web, likely paper, or no clear mode.
  • An embedded experiment randomly assigned 'no clear mode' respondents to 'web-first' or 'signal-and-send' protocols.

Main Results:

  • Respondents with no clear mode had lower response rates and higher fieldwork effort compared to likely web/paper groups.
  • The 'signal-and-send' protocol showed a temporary increase in response rates (weeks 4-7) compared to 'web-first'.
  • By week 16, both protocols achieved similar response rates (71% vs. 68%) and fieldwork effort.
  • Web-first protocol resulted in a higher proportion of web responses (62.7% vs. 42.4%).

Conclusions:

  • Targeted sequential designs can be effective in mixed-mode surveys.
  • The 'signal-and-send' protocol may offer a short-term response boost for undecided individuals.
  • Protocol choice impacts mode of response, with implications for survey data collection strategies.