Female paraurethral leiomyoma successfully excised through a vaginal approach: A case report

Paraurethral leiomyomas are extremely rare, and few cases have been reported in the literature. Because of the rarity of the disease and its anatomical complexity, diagnosis and management is challenging for clinicians. Here, we herein report the case of a 50-year-old woman who complained of a protruding mass at the urethral opening. Magnetic resonance imaging revealed a sharply defined tumor measuring 43 × 36 × 26 mm in diameter, located in the anterior vaginal wall, compressing the urethra. Based on the perioperative diagnosis of leiomyoma, the paraurethral tumor was excised via the vaginal approach. The patient was discharged 4 days postoperatively without any complications. Pathological features confirmed the diagnosis of leiomyoma. This case implies that, although there is the possibility of complications due to the surgical procedure, tumor removal is a reasonable choice for management to exclude malignancy and relieve symptoms.