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Optimal Evaluation of Programmed Death Ligand-1 on Tumor Cells Versus Immune Cells Requires Different Detection
Kelly A Schats, Emily A Van Vré, Carolien Boeckx
1From the Departments of Immunohistochemistry (Drs Schats, Van Vré, Boeckx, and Schrijvers and Ms De Bie) and Molecular Pathology (Dr Kockx), HistoGeneX, Antwerp, Belgium; the Department of Medical Biochemistry, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium (Drs Schats and De Meester); and the Department of Medical Oncology, Universitair Ziekenhuis Brussel, Belgium (Dr Neyns).
Archives of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine
|April 3, 2018
Summary
The detection method significantly impacts programmed death ligand-1 (PD-L1) immunohistochemistry (IHC) assay sensitivity. Switching detection methods can overcome observed staining differences for PD-L1 testing.
Area of Science:
- Oncology
- Immunohistochemistry
- Biomarker Assay Development
Background:
- Programmed death ligand-1 (PD-L1) immunohistochemistry (IHC) is crucial for selecting patients for PD-1/PD-L1 immunotherapies.
- The reliability of PD-L1 IHC assays varies across different tumor types, creating uncertainty in patient selection.
Purpose of the Study:
- To compare four commercially available PD-L1 IHC assays (22C3, 28-8, SP142, SP263).
- To evaluate the impact of detection methods on PD-L1 staining output in tumor and immune cells.
- To assess PD-L1 antibody performance variations due to different platforms and reagents.
Main Methods:
- Pilot study involving lung carcinoma and melanoma samples.
- Investigation of staining patterns and scoring for tumor cells and immune cells.
- Comparative analysis of four PD-L1 IHC kits, focusing on detection method variations.
Main Results:
- SP142 kit showed higher immune cell staining but lower tumor cell staining compared to others.
- 22C3 and 28-8 kits demonstrated strong tumor cell sensitivity but weaker immune cell staining.
- SP263 kit offered comparable tumor cell staining to 22C3/28-8, with improved immune cell staining.
- Detection method critically influenced assay sensitivity for PD-L1 detection in different cell types.
Conclusions:
- The choice of detection method significantly affects PD-L1 IHC assay sensitivity and staining output.
- Consider assay sensitivity variations when selecting PD-L1 kits or developing laboratory-developed tests.
- Revalidate clinical utility for alternative kits or laboratory-developed tests against therapeutic agents or original kits.
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