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Area of Science:

  • Psycholinguistics
  • Cognitive Science
  • Computational Linguistics

Background:

  • Structural priming, where processing a syntactic structure influences subsequent processing, is well-established in language production.
  • Evidence for structural priming in language comprehension is less conclusive and often attributed to explicit participant expectations.
  • Existing comprehension studies often rely on online measures and lexical overlap, complicating direct comparisons with production studies.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate structural priming in sentence comprehension independent of lexical overlap and explicit expectations.
  • To utilize an outcome-dependent variable for more direct comparison with sentence production research.
  • To determine if a single prime can elicit structural priming in comprehension.

Main Methods:

  • Developed a novel experimental paradigm using an outcome-dependent variable.
  • Tested priming effects in syntactically homogeneous and heterogeneous conditions.
  • Employed a sentence-picture matching task to ensure full sentence parsing.

Main Results:

  • Participants demonstrated learning of structural regularities in the homogeneous condition.
  • Structural priming was observed in the heterogeneous condition, even without expected structures.
  • A single prime was sufficient to induce a priming effect.

Conclusions:

  • Structural priming in sentence comprehension can occur without lexical repetition.
  • Priming effects in comprehension are independent of participants' explicit expectations.
  • Findings align with observations in sentence production, suggesting a unified mechanism for structural priming across modalities.