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Negative Schizotypy and Altered Functional Connectivity During Facial Emotion Processing.

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Individuals with high negative schizotypy (NS) exhibit altered amygdala activity and functional connectivity during facial emotion processing. This research sheds light on social cognition deficits in at-risk populations.

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Psychiatry
  • Cognitive Science

Background:

  • Facial emotion perception is crucial for social cognition and is often impaired in schizophrenia.
  • Negative schizotypy (NS) is associated with deficits in facial emotion perception, but its impact on brain functional connectivity remains understudied.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate differences in brain functional connectivity during facial emotion perception between individuals with high and low negative schizotypy (NS).
  • To explore alterations in amygdala activity and its connectivity with the medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC) in high NS individuals.

Main Methods:

  • Sixty-four participants were categorized into high (n=34) and low (n=30) NS groups based on anhedonia scales.
  • Participants completed a functional imaging task involving facial emotion discrimination (angry, fear, happy, neutral).
  • Univariate and functional connectivity analyses (amygdala-mPFC) were performed using SPSS and SPM12.

Main Results:

  • No significant differences in task accuracy or reaction time were observed between groups.
  • The high NS group displayed reduced amygdala activation under fearful and neutral conditions.
  • Reduced functional connectivity between the amygdala and mPFC/dorsal anterior cingulate cortex was found in the high NS group for happy and fearful conditions.

Conclusions:

  • Individuals with high NS demonstrate altered amygdala brain activity and functional connectivity during facial emotion processing.
  • These findings offer new insights into the neural underpinnings of social cognition deficits in individuals at risk for schizophrenia.