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Related Concept Videos

Ionic Crystal Structures02:42

Ionic Crystal Structures

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Ionic crystals consist of two or more different kinds of ions that usually have different sizes. The packing of these ions into a crystal structure is more complex than the packing of metal atoms that are the same size.
Most monatomic ions behave as charged spheres, and their attraction for ions of opposite charge is the same in every direction. Consequently, stable structures for ionic compounds result (1) when ions of one charge are surrounded by as many ions as possible of the opposite...
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Crystallization is a phase transformation process in which crystals are precipitated from a supersaturated solution or formed from other sources. During crystallization, atoms or molecules arrange themselves into a well-defined, rigid crystal lattice to minimize energy.
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Crystal Field Theory - Octahedral Complexes02:58

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Crystal Field Theory
To explain the observed behavior of transition metal complexes (such as colors), a model involving electrostatic interactions between the electrons from the ligands and the electrons in the unhybridized d orbitals of the central metal atom has been developed. This electrostatic model is crystal field theory (CFT). It helps to understand, interpret, and predict the colors, magnetic behavior, and some structures of coordination compounds of transition metals.
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Tetrahedral Complexes
Crystal field theory (CFT) is applicable to molecules in geometries other than octahedral. In octahedral complexes, the lobes of the dx2−y2 and dz2 orbitals point directly at the ligands. For tetrahedral complexes, the d orbitals remain in place, but with only four ligands located between the axes. None of the orbitals points directly at the tetrahedral ligands. However, the dx2−y2 and dz2 orbitals (along the Cartesian axes) overlap with the ligands less than the dxy,...
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Dimensional Analysis03:40

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Dimensional analysis, also known as the factor label method, is a versatile approach for mathematical operations. The main principle behind this approach is: the units of quantities must be subjected to the same mathematical operations as their associated numbers. This method can be applied to computations ranging from simple unit conversions to more complex and multi-step calculations involving several different quantities and their units.
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Dimensional Analysis01:27

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Dimensional analysis is a valuable technique in fluid mechanics for simplifying complex problems by reducing them into dimensionless groups. These groups capture the essential relationships between the variables involved, allowing researchers and engineers to analyze fluid flow without dealing with each variable individually. This approach reduces the number of independent variables, allowing for easier analysis and better understanding of physical phenomena.
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Updated: Feb 12, 2026

Comparison of Two Different Synthesis Methods of Single Crystals of Superconducting Uranium Ditelluride
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Metastable Superconductivity in Two-Dimensional IrTe2 Crystals.

Masaro Yoshida1,2, Kazutaka Kudo3, Minoru Nohara3

  • 1RIKEN Center for Emergent Matter Science (CEMS), Wako 351-0198 , Japan.

Nano Letters
|April 4, 2018
PubMed
Summary

Two-dimensional materials, like iridium ditelluride (IrTe2), can achieve metastable superconductivity by thinning. This discovery opens new avenues for controlling electronic states in 2D materials.

Keywords:
IrTe2Two-dimensional materialmetastable statesuperconductivity

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Area of Science:

  • Condensed Matter Physics
  • Materials Science
  • Nanotechnology

Background:

  • Two-dimensional (2D) materials possess unique properties due to reduced dimensionality affecting their electronic band structure.
  • Thickness reduction in 2D materials significantly influences both static electronic structure and dynamic ordering kinetics of phase transitions.
  • Metastable supercooled states can be achieved in 2D materials simply by reducing their thickness.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the impact of thickness reduction on the charge-ordering system of layered iridium ditelluride (IrTe2).
  • To explore the potential for inducing superconductivity in IrTe2 by suppressing its first-order phase transition through thinning.
  • To characterize the nature and robustness of superconductivity in mechanically exfoliated IrTe2 thin flakes.

Main Methods:

  • Mechanical exfoliation of layered iridium ditelluride (IrTe2) to create thin flakes.
  • Measurement of electrical resistance to identify the superconducting zero-resistance state.
  • Characterization of the superconducting critical temperature (Tc) and its dependence on flake thickness.

Main Results:

  • A persistent superconducting zero-resistance state was discovered in mechanically exfoliated IrTe2 thin flakes.
  • The maximum superconducting critical temperature (Tc) achieved was comparable to chemically optimized bulk samples.
  • The observed superconductivity exhibited a metastable nature, controllable by flake thickness.

Conclusions:

  • Mechanically thinned IrTe2 thin flakes exhibit robust, metastable superconductivity.
  • 2D materials serve as a novel platform for inducing, controlling, and functionalizing metastable electronic states.
  • These metastable states are typically inaccessible in their bulk crystal counterparts.