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Related Concept Videos

Structure of Lipids03:38

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Lipids include a diverse group of compounds that are largely nonpolar in nature. This is because they are hydrocarbons that include mostly nonpolar carbon-carbon or carbon-hydrogen bonds. Non-polar molecules are hydrophobic (“water fearing”), or insoluble in water. Lipids perform many different functions in a cell. Cells store energy for long-term use in the form of fats. Lipids also provide insulation from the environment for plants and animals. For example, they help keep aquatic...
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Lipids are large molecules that are generally not water-soluble. Since most of the digestive enzymes in the human body are water-based, there are specific steps the body must take to break down lipids and make them available for use.
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Simple proteins and protein complexes contain only amino acids. In contrast, many other proteins, called conjugated proteins, covalently bond with non-protein moieties.
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In biological systems, most metabolic pathways are interconnected. The cellular respiration processes that convert glucose to ATP—such as glycolysis, pyruvate oxidation, and the citric acid cycle—tie into those that break down other organic compounds. As a result, various foods—from apples to cheese to guacamole—end up as ATP. In addition to carbohydrates, food also contains proteins and lipids—such as cholesterol and fats. All of these organic compounds are used...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Feb 12, 2026

Isolation and Analysis of Plasma Lipoproteins by Ultracentrifugation
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Triglyceride-Rich Lipoproteins.

Maaike Kockx1, Leonard Kritharides2

  • 1Atherosclerosis Laboratory, ANZAC Research Institute, University of Sydney, Concord Repatriation General Hospital, Gate 3 Hospital Road, Concord, New South Wales 2139, Australia.

Cardiology Clinics
|April 4, 2018
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

High triglyceride levels increase cardiovascular disease risk. This review covers triglyceride-rich lipoprotein metabolism and potential therapeutic targets for intervention.

Keywords:
Angiopoietin-like proteinsApolipoprotein CIIICardiovascular riskLipoprotein lipaseTriglyceride-lowering therapyTriglyceride-rich lipoproteinsTriglycerides

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Area of Science:

  • Biochemistry
  • Cardiovascular Medicine
  • Metabolic Research

Background:

  • Plasma triglyceride levels are a significant risk factor for cardiovascular disease (CVD).
  • Understanding the metabolism of triglyceride-rich lipoproteins (TRLs) is crucial for addressing CVD.
  • Dysregulation of TRL metabolism contributes to atherogenesis and CVD.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To summarize current knowledge on triglyceride-rich lipoprotein metabolism.
  • To identify known and novel regulators of TRL metabolism.
  • To evaluate the therapeutic potential of targeting TRL metabolism for CVD prevention.

Main Methods:

  • Review of existing literature on lipoprotein metabolism.
  • Analysis of genetic and biochemical studies identifying TRL regulators.
  • Synthesis of data linking TRL regulators to cardiovascular risk.

Main Results:

  • Triglyceride-rich lipoproteins play a central role in lipid transport and cardiovascular risk.
  • Several key regulators of TRL metabolism have been identified, including enzymes and receptors.
  • Emerging regulators offer new insights into TRL processing and clearance.

Conclusions:

  • Plasma triglyceride levels are causally linked to increased cardiovascular disease risk.
  • Targeting TRL metabolism presents a promising therapeutic strategy for CVD.
  • Further research into TRL regulators may yield novel treatments for dyslipidemia and atherosclerosis.