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Related Concept Videos

Phase Contrast and Differential Interference Contrast Microscopy01:26

Phase Contrast and Differential Interference Contrast Microscopy

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Phase-Contrast Microscopes
In-phase-contrast microscopes, interference between light directly passing through a cell and light refracted by cellular components is used to create high-contrast, high-resolution images without staining. It is the oldest and simplest type of microscope that creates an image by altering the wavelengths of light rays passing through the specimen. Altered wavelength paths are created using an annular stop in the condenser. The annular stop produces a hollow cone of...
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Phase Diagrams02:39

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A phase diagram combines plots of pressure versus temperature for the liquid-gas, solid-liquid, and solid-gas phase-transition equilibria of a substance. These diagrams indicate the physical states that exist under specific conditions of pressure and temperature and also provide the pressure dependence of the phase-transition temperatures (melting points, sublimation points, boiling points). Regions or areas labeled solid, liquid, and gas represent single phases, while lines or curves represent...
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Phase Transitions02:31

Phase Transitions

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Whether solid, liquid, or gas, a substance's state depends on the order and arrangement of its particles (atoms, molecules, or ions). Particles in the solid pack closely together, generally in a pattern. The particles vibrate about their fixed positions but do not move or squeeze past their neighbors. In liquids, although the particles are closely spaced, they are randomly arranged. The position of the particles are not fixed—that is, they are free to move past their neighbors to...
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Inductance: Single-Phase And Three-Phase Line01:28

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Understanding the inductance of transmission lines is crucial for efficient design and operation in electrical power systems. This discussion delves into the inductance characteristics of single-phase two-wire and three-phase three-wire transmission lines with equal phase spacing.
Single-Phase Two-Wire Line:
A single-phase line consists of two solid cylindrical conductors, denoted as x and y. Each conductor carries phasor currents ix and iy, respectively. Given that the sum of these currents is...
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Capacitance: Single-Phase And Three-Phase Line01:25

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In electrical power systems, understanding the capacitance of transmission lines is fundamental for efficient operation.
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Consider a single-phase, two-wire transmission line with equal phase spacing energized by a voltage source. One conductor carries a uniform positive charge, while the other carries an equal negative charge. The capacitance C of the line can be derived from the voltage V between the conductors. For a one-meter section of the line, the capacitance is given...
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Phase Changes01:19

Phase Changes

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Phase transitions play an important theoretical and practical role in the study of heat flow. In melting or fusion, a solid turns into a liquid; the opposite process is freezing. In evaporation, a liquid turns into a gas; the opposite process is condensation.
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Updated: Feb 12, 2026

Multimodal Quantitative Phase Imaging with Digital Holographic Microscopy Accurately Assesses Intestinal Inflammation and Epithelial Wound Healing
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Automated Cell Segmentation for Quantitative Phase Microscopy.

Nathan O Loewke, Sunil Pai, Christine Cordeiro

    IEEE Transactions on Medical Imaging
    |April 4, 2018
    PubMed
    Summary
    This summary is machine-generated.

    This study introduces an automated cell segmentation algorithm using quantitative phase microscopy. The method accurately segments cells even at high densities, enabling new insights into cell behavior and communication.

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    Area of Science:

    • Cell Biology
    • Biophysics
    • Microscopy

    Background:

    • Automated cell segmentation and tracking are crucial for dynamic cellular studies.
    • High cell densities pose challenges for accurate automated segmentation due to indistinct boundaries.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To develop a fully automated, user-independent cell segmentation algorithm.
    • To enable accurate cell segmentation in challenging high-density cultures.

    Main Methods:

    • Utilized quantitative phase microscopy to measure optical cell volumes.
    • Developed an iterative algorithm fitting volume distributions to probability density functions.
    • Determined volumetric thresholds directly from observed data for segmentation.

    Main Results:

    • Successfully segmented six diverse cell types across various confluencies.
    • Demonstrated effectiveness of the automated algorithm over time.
    • Enabled facile dynamic measures of cell mobility and function.

    Conclusions:

    • The algorithm provides accurate, automated cell segmentation without user input.
    • Revealed unique cellular behaviors related to tissue origin, differentiation, and signaling.
    • Enhances understanding of multicellular communication and organization.