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    Area of Science:

    • Ultrasound imaging
    • Medical physics
    • Signal processing

    Background:

    • Coherent plane-wave compounding (CPWC) is a key ultrasound imaging technique.
    • Minimum Variance Distortionless Response (MVDR) beamforming requires accurate covariance matrix estimation, often necessitating spatial smoothing.
    • Existing MVDR methods face challenges when applied to CPWC due to signal characteristics.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To introduce novel MVDR beamforming approaches for CPWC.
    • To develop MVDR beamformers that eliminate the need for spatial smoothing.
    • To enhance spatial and contrast resolution in ultrasound images.

    Main Methods:

    • MVDR beamforming was analyzed as a spatial filter for signal decorrelation.
    • Two new MVDR beamformers were developed, avoiding spatial smoothing.
    • Covariance matrices were estimated using novel echo data combinations and spatial coherence approximations.
    • The van Cittert-Zernike theorem was used to assess statistical similarity.

    Main Results:

    • The proposed spatial-coherence-based MVDR beamformers were evaluated using simulated, phantom, and in vivo data.
    • Both new beamformers demonstrated improved spatial and contrast resolutions compared to simple coherent compounding.
    • The developed methods outperformed existing MVDR-based techniques for CPWC in literature.

    Conclusions:

    • Novel MVDR beamformers offer significant improvements for CPWC ultrasound imaging.
    • Eliminating spatial smoothing in MVDR for CPWC is feasible and beneficial.
    • These advanced beamforming techniques enhance diagnostic capabilities in ultrasound.