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Updated: Feb 12, 2026

A Protocol for Analyzing Hepatitis C Virus Replication
Published on: June 26, 2014
Hepatitis A Virus Genome Organization and Replication Strategy
Kevin L McKnight1, Stanley M Lemon1
1Departments of Medicine and Microbiology & Immunology, Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, The University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599.
Abstract:
Hepatitis A virus (HAV) is a positive-strand RNA virus classified in the genus Hepatovirus of the family Picornaviridae It is an ancient virus with a long evolutionary history and multiple features of its capsid structure, genome organization, and replication cycle that distinguish it from other mammalian picornaviruses. HAV proteins are produced by cap-independent translation of a single, long open reading frame under direction of an inefficient, upstream internal ribosome entry site (IRES). Genome replication occurs slowly and is noncytopathic, with transcription likely primed by a uridylated protein primer as in other picornaviruses. Newly produced quasi-enveloped virions (eHAV) are released from cells in a nonlytic fashion in a unique process mediated by interactions of capsid proteins with components of the host cell endosomal sorting complexes required for transport (ESCRT) system.
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