Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Viruses with RNA Genomes01:29

Viruses with RNA Genomes

956
RNA viruses are categorized into positive-strand, negative-strand, or double-stranded groups based on their genomic structure and replication mechanisms. This classification dictates how they exploit host cellular machinery for protein synthesis and replication. Some RNA viruses also utilize reverse transcription as part of their life cycle, further diversifying their replication strategies.Positive-Strand RNA VirusesPositive-strand RNA viruses have genomes that function directly as messenger...
956
What are Viruses?00:50

What are Viruses?

128.4K
Overview
128.4K
Chromosome Replication02:31

Chromosome Replication

10.8K
Before a cell can divide, it must accurately replicate all of its chromosomes, including the DNA and its associated histone and non-histone proteins.  This process begins at numerous origins of replication during the S phase of the cell cycle in each of a cell’s chromosomes simultaneously. Certain nucleotides can act as origins of replication, but these sequences are not well defined - especially in complex, multi-cellular, eukaryotic species. The length of DNA that spans an origin...
10.8K
Genomics02:02

Genomics

40.9K
Genomics is the science of genomes: it is the study of all the genetic material of an organism. In humans, the genome consists of information carried in 23 pairs of chromosomes in the nucleus, as well as mitochondrial DNA. In genomics, both coding and non-coding DNA is sequenced and analyzed. Genomics allows a better understanding of all living things, their evolution, and their diversity. It has a myriad of uses: for example, to build phylogenetic trees, to improve productivity and...
40.9K
Genome Size and the Evolution of New Genes03:21

Genome Size and the Evolution of New Genes

9.2K
While every living organism has a genome of some kind (be it RNA, or DNA), there is considerable variation in the sizes of these blueprints. One major factor that impacts genome size is whether the organism is prokaryotic or eukaryotic. In prokaryotes, the genome contains little to no non-coding sequence, such that genes are tightly clustered in groups or operons sequentially along the chromosome. Conversely, the genes in eukaryotes are punctuated by long stretches of non-coding sequence.
9.2K
DNA Replication02:40

DNA Replication

60.2K
DNA replication involves the separation of the two strands of the double helix, with each strand serving as a template from which the new complementary strand is copied.  After replication, each double-stranded DNA includes one parental or “old” strand and one “new” strand. This is known as semiconservative replication. The resulting DNA molecules have the same sequence and are divided equally into the two daughter cells.
Replication in Prokaryotes
DNA replication...
60.2K

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Host species-specific mutations in the thumb domain of the 3Dpol polymerase are required for efficient replication of human hepatitis A virus in mice.

PLoS pathogens·2026
Same author

The low-density lipoprotein receptor LDLR mediates cellular entry of nonenveloped hepatitis A virus.

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America·2026
Same author

Hepatoviruses, Extracellular Vesicles, and the Concept of Enveloped Versus Nonenveloped Viruses.

Annual review of virology·2025
Same author

Natural killer cells and IFN-γ protect against liver injury during HAV infection in mice.

Journal of virology·2025
Same author

Integrin beta 1 facilitates non-enveloped hepatitis E virus cell entry through the recycling endosome.

Nature communications·2025
Same author

Heat shock protein 90 chaperone activity is required for hepatitis A virus replication.

Journal of virology·2025

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Feb 12, 2026

A Protocol for Analyzing Hepatitis C Virus Replication
13:04

A Protocol for Analyzing Hepatitis C Virus Replication

Published on: June 26, 2014

24.7K

Hepatitis A Virus Genome Organization and Replication Strategy.

Kevin L McKnight1, Stanley M Lemon1

  • 1Departments of Medicine and Microbiology & Immunology, Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, The University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599.

Cold Spring Harbor Perspectives in Medicine
|April 4, 2018
PubMed
Summary

Hepatitis A virus (HAV) is a unique picornavirus. Its distinct replication and nonlytic release via ESCRT pathways offer new insights into viral evolution and host interactions.

More Related Videos

Development of a Hepatitis B Virus Reporter System to Monitor the Early Stages of the Replication Cycle
09:35

Development of a Hepatitis B Virus Reporter System to Monitor the Early Stages of the Replication Cycle

Published on: February 1, 2017

14.0K
Isolation and Genome Analysis of Single Virions using 'Single Virus Genomics'
08:31

Isolation and Genome Analysis of Single Virions using 'Single Virus Genomics'

Published on: May 26, 2013

11.5K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Feb 12, 2026

A Protocol for Analyzing Hepatitis C Virus Replication
13:04

A Protocol for Analyzing Hepatitis C Virus Replication

Published on: June 26, 2014

24.7K
Development of a Hepatitis B Virus Reporter System to Monitor the Early Stages of the Replication Cycle
09:35

Development of a Hepatitis B Virus Reporter System to Monitor the Early Stages of the Replication Cycle

Published on: February 1, 2017

14.0K
Isolation and Genome Analysis of Single Virions using 'Single Virus Genomics'
08:31

Isolation and Genome Analysis of Single Virions using 'Single Virus Genomics'

Published on: May 26, 2013

11.5K

Area of Science:

  • Virology
  • Molecular Biology
  • Evolutionary Biology

Background:

  • Hepatitis A virus (HAV) belongs to the genus Hepatovirus within the Picornaviridae family.
  • HAV exhibits unique characteristics in capsid structure, genome organization, and replication compared to other mammalian picornaviruses.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To elucidate the distinctive features of Hepatitis A virus.
  • To understand the mechanisms behind HAV's protein production, genome replication, and virion release.

Main Methods:

  • Analysis of HAV's cap-independent translation mechanism.
  • Investigation of the slow, noncytopathic genome replication process.
  • Examination of the novel nonlytic virion release mediated by ESCRT components.

Main Results:

  • HAV utilizes an inefficient internal ribosome entry site (IRES) for cap-independent translation.
  • Genome replication is slow and noncytopathic, potentially using a uridylated protein primer.
  • Newly produced quasi-enveloped virions (eHAV) are released through a nonlytic process involving the ESCRT system.

Conclusions:

  • HAV possesses unique molecular and cellular strategies distinguishing it from other picornaviruses.
  • The nonlytic release mechanism involving ESCRT represents a novel viral egress pathway.
  • HAV's distinct features provide valuable insights into viral evolution and host-pathogen interactions.