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Related Concept Videos

Pharmacokinetics in Pediatric Patients: Drug Excretion01:26

Pharmacokinetics in Pediatric Patients: Drug Excretion

277
In pediatric medicine, understanding the renal function and drug elimination nuances is crucial for administering safe and effective treatments. Newborns, in particular, display markedly slower renal functions than adults, profoundly affecting how drugs are cleared from their bodies. This slower drug clearance requires clinicians to extend the dosing intervals for many medications to prevent drug accumulation and toxicity while ensuring therapeutic efficacy.One key area where these adjustments...
277
Pharmacokinetics in Pediatric Patients: Drug Distribution01:17

Pharmacokinetics in Pediatric Patients: Drug Distribution

334
Drug distribution in the pediatric population exhibits unique challenges and considerations due to the physiological differences between children, particularly neonates and infants, and adults. A crucial aspect of pediatric pharmacology is understanding how these differences impact the pharmacokinetics of various drugs, necessitating age-specific dosing strategies to ensure efficacy and safety.Neonates and infants have a higher total body water content, ~75%–90% of their body weight,...
334
Pharmacokinetics in Pediatric Patients: Drug Metabolism01:24

Pharmacokinetics in Pediatric Patients: Drug Metabolism

246
In pediatric care, understanding the nuances of hepatic drug metabolism is crucial, as it significantly differs from that of adults. This divergence is primarily due to the developmental stage of drug-metabolizing enzymes, which affects how medications are processed in the body. In neonates, for instance, the activity of Phase I enzymes—critical for the initial breakdown of drugs—is markedly reduced, functioning at just 20–40% of the levels seen in adults. This reduction poses...
246
Pharmacokinetics in Pediatric Patients: Overview and Drug Absorption01:23

Pharmacokinetics in Pediatric Patients: Overview and Drug Absorption

310
Understanding the physiological differences in the pediatric population is crucial for effective pharmacotherapy. Neonates, infants, and children exhibit significant variations in gastric pH, gastric emptying time, intestinal transit time, and biliary function. These variations profoundly affect oral drug absorption, necessitating a nuanced approach to pediatric dosing.Neonates present with a unique physiological profile, having a gastric pH greater than 4 and faster and more irregular gastric...
310

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Pediatric Malignant Atrophic Papulosis.

Yung-Chieh Huang1,2, Jiaan-Der Wang1, Fang-Yi Lee3

  • 1Departments of Pediatrics and.

Pediatrics
|April 4, 2018
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Malignant atrophic papulosis (MAP), a rare disease, can affect internal organs. A patient with severe central nervous system involvement showed improvement with eculizumab treatment, offering hope for this condition.

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Area of Science:

  • Dermatology
  • Immunology
  • Vascular Biology

Background:

  • Malignant atrophic papulosis (MAP), or Degos disease, is a rare condition with distinctive skin lesions.
  • It presents as cutaneous or systemic variants, with systemic MAP affecting internal organs and having a poor prognosis.
  • Pathogenesis is linked to vascular injury, complement C5b-9 deposition, and interferon-α expression.

Observation:

  • Systemic MAP involves vascular injury, complement C5b-9 complex deposition, and interferon-α expression.
  • A patient with systemic MAP experienced severe central nervous system (CNS) complications.

Findings:

  • The patient with severe CNS involvement due to systemic MAP showed a positive response to eculizumab treatment.
  • Eculizumab, a C5 inhibitor, is being explored for MAP treatment due to complement system involvement.

Implications:

  • This case suggests eculizumab may be a viable therapeutic option for systemic MAP, particularly with CNS involvement.
  • Further research into complement-targeted therapies for MAP is warranted.
  • Understanding MAP's vascular mechanisms can guide future treatment strategies.