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Association between CD4 Cell Count and Blood Pressure and Its Variation with Body Mass Index Categories in

Christian Akem Dimala^1,2,3, Benjamin Momo Kadia^4,5, Ben-Lawrence Kemah^3,6

¹Faculty of Epidemiology and Population Health, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, UK.

International Journal of Hypertension

|April 4, 2018

Insights

This study found no independent link between CD4 count and hypertension in HIV/AIDS patients. Body mass index did not modify this relationship, suggesting other factors may be involved.

Area of Science:

Clinical Medicine
Immunology
Public Health

Background:

Hypertension is a significant comorbidity in individuals with HIV/AIDS.
The relationship between CD4 count, a marker of immune status, and hypertension requires further elucidation.
Body mass index (BMI) is a known risk factor for hypertension and may influence the CD4 count-hypertension association.

Purpose of the Study:

To investigate the independent relationship between CD4 count and hypertension in HIV/AIDS patients.
To determine if body mass index (BMI) modifies or confounds the association between CD4 count and hypertension.
To explore the impact of immune status on cardiovascular health in an HIV-positive population.

Main Methods:

Secondary data analysis of a cross-sectional study involving 200 HIV/AIDS patients.
Utilized linear and logistic regression models to assess associations between CD4 count, hypertension, and BMI.
Controlled for potential confounders including age, sex, family history of hypertension, overweight status, HAART use, and duration of HIV infection.

Main Results:

No significant linear association was found between log CD4 count and systolic or diastolic blood pressure.
After adjusting for BMI, a CD4 count ≥ 350 cells/μl was associated with a higher likelihood of hypertension (AOR: 2.50, p=0.032).
BMI did not significantly modify the relationship between CD4 count and hypertension (p=0.721), and no independent relationship was identified after full adjustment (AOR: 1.66, p=0.419).

Conclusions:

This study did not establish an independent relationship between CD4 count and hypertension in the HIV/AIDS patients studied.
Body mass index does not appear to modify the association between CD4 count and hypertension.
Further large-scale prospective studies are recommended to comprehensively investigate the complex interplay between hypertension and CD4 count in HIV-positive individuals.

Read full analysis

Abstract:

The aim of this study was to establish whether an independent relationship exists between CD4 count and hypertension and if this relationship is modified or confounded by the body mass index (BMI). Methods. A secondary data analysis of a cross-sectional study on 200 HIV/AIDS patients at a referral hospital in Cameroon was conducted. Linear and logistic regression models were used as appropriate to explore the association between the variables of interest. Results. There was no linear association between log CD4 count and both systolic (p = 0.200; r = 0.12) and diastolic blood pressures (p = 0.123; r = 0.14), respectively. After adjusting for BMI, patients with CD4 count ≥ 350 cells/μl were more likely to have hypertension than those with CD4 count < 350 cells/μl (AOR: 2.50, 95% CI: 1.05-5.93, and p = 0.032). There was no effect modification from BMI (test of homogeneity, p = 0.721). There was no independent relationship between CD4 count and hypertension after controlling for age, sex, family history of hypertension, BMI-defined overweight, HAART use, and duration of HIV infection (AOR: 1.66, 95% CI: 0.48-5.71, and p = 0.419). Conclusion. This study did not identify any independent relationship between CD4 count and hypertension. Large prospective studies are recommended to better explore this relationship between hypertension and CD4 count.

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