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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Feb 12, 2026

Data Collection on Marine Litter Ingestion in Sea Turtles and Thresholds for Good Environmental Status
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Limb-use by foraging marine turtles, an evolutionary perspective.

Jessica A Fujii1, Don McLeish2, Andrew J Brooks3

  • 1Monterey Bay Aquarium, Monterey, CA, United States of America.

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Marine tetrapods, like turtles, use limbs for foraging, challenging previous assumptions. This behavior may extend the evolutionary history of limb-use in these animals by 70 million years.

Keywords:
Behavioral ecologyEvolutionForagingLimb use

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Area of Science:

  • Marine Biology
  • Paleontology
  • Animal Behavior

Background:

  • Limb use in foraging was thought unlikely for marine tetrapods due to body plan constraints.
  • Previous research identified ten foraging limb-use types in nine marine tetrapod families.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To expand documented limb-use behaviors in marine turtles.
  • To contextualize these behaviors within the diversity of marine tetrapods.
  • To investigate the evolutionary timeline and drivers of limb-use foraging in marine tetrapods.

Main Methods:

  • Direct in situ observation across various habitats and prey types.
  • Crowd-sourcing data collection to document behaviors.
  • Comparative analysis with existing data on marine tetrapod foraging.

Main Results:

  • Documented novel types of limb-use foraging in marine turtles.
  • Observed widespread occurrence of limb-use foraging across different marine environments.
  • Suggested that limb mobility and evolutionary history, not ecology, primarily limit these behaviors.

Conclusions:

  • Marine turtles exhibit diverse limb-use foraging behaviors.
  • Limb-use foraging in marine tetrapods may have evolved earlier than previously thought, potentially 70 million years ago.
  • These behaviors might be retained ancestral traits linked to semi-aquatic life histories.