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Biological Effects of Radiation02:59

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All radioactive nuclides emit high-energy particles or electromagnetic waves. When this radiation encounters living cells, it can cause heating, break chemical bonds, or ionize molecules. The most serious biological damage results when these radioactive emissions fragment or ionize molecules. For example, α and β particles emitted from nuclear decay reactions possess much higher energies than ordinary chemical bond energies. When these particles strike and penetrate matter, they...
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Drug Delivery: Overview01:16

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The selection of a drug's delivery route depends upon its physicochemical properties, including lipid or water solubility and ionization, as well as the therapeutic requirement, such as immediate or sustained effect. These routes can be divided into three primary categories: enteral, parenteral, and topical.
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The enteral drug administration involves three primary routes: oral, sublingual, and buccal. Oral ingestion is the most prevalent, safe, economical, and convenient method for drug administration. However, it has certain drawbacks, including limited absorption due to the drug's low water solubility or poor membrane permeability, possible emesis from GI mucosa irritation, destruction of drugs by digestive enzymes or low gastric pH, and irregular absorption along with food or other drugs.
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The parenteral route is a critical method of drug administration. It delivers compounds directly into the systemic circulation and bypasses the gastrointestinal tract. This approach is particularly advantageous for drugs that exhibit poor absorption or instability when administered orally.
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The average temperature of Earth is the subject of much current discussion. Earth is in radiative contact with both the Sun and dark space; it receives almost all its energy from the radiation of the Sun and reflects some of it into outer space. Dark space is very cold, about 3 K, so Earth radiates energy into it. For instance, heat transfer occurs from soil and grasses, the rate of which can be so rapid that frost can occur on clear summer evenings, even in warm latitudes.
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Radiation-Sensitive Dendrimer-Based Drug Delivery System.

Szu-Yuan Wu1,2, Hsiao-Ying Chou3, Chiou-Hwa Yuh4,5,6

  • 1Department of Radiation Oncology Wan Fang Hospital Taipei Medical University 116 Taipei Taiwan.

Advanced Science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany)
|April 4, 2018
PubMed
Summary

This study introduces a radiation-sensitive dendrimer drug delivery system for enhanced cancer treatment. Combining this system with radiotherapy synergistically inhibits cancer cell growth.

Keywords:
HeLa cellscombination therapiesdendrimersdoxorubicinzebrafish

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Area of Science:

  • Biomedical Engineering
  • Nanotechnology
  • Oncology

Background:

  • Chemotherapy and radiotherapy combination enhances local drug delivery and reduces side effects.
  • Dendrimers offer potential for targeted drug delivery in cancer treatment.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop and evaluate a radiation-sensitive dendrimer drug delivery system for enhanced chemotherapy.
  • To investigate the synergistic effect of the developed system combined with radiotherapy for cancer treatment.

Main Methods:

  • Doxorubicin (DOX) was loaded into l-cysteine modified G4.5 dendrimer (GC/DOX).
  • DOX release was studied at different pH values with and without gamma radiation.
  • Cytotoxicity was evaluated in HeLa cells, and in vivo studies were conducted using zebrafish.

Main Results:

  • Gamma radiation significantly improved DOX release from GC/DOX, especially under acidic conditions.
  • GC/DOX demonstrated high affinity for cancer cells and effective radiation-triggered drug release.
  • L-cysteine was confirmed as a radiosensitizer in vivo, and GC/DOX combined with radiotherapy showed synergistic inhibition of cancer cell growth.

Conclusions:

  • GC dendrimer functions as a radiation-sensitive drug delivery system.
  • The combination of GC/DOX and radiotherapy offers a synergistic approach for effective cancer treatment.