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Related Concept Videos

Colloids03:22

Colloids

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Children at play often make suspensions such as mixtures of mud and water, flour and water, or a suspension of solid pigments in water known as tempera paint. These suspensions are heterogeneous mixtures composed of relatively large particles that are visible to the naked eye or can be seen with a magnifying glass. They are cloudy, and the suspended particles settle out after mixing. On the other hand, a solution is a homogeneous mixture in which no settling occurs and in which the dissolved...
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Phase Transitions02:31

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Whether solid, liquid, or gas, a substance's state depends on the order and arrangement of its particles (atoms, molecules, or ions). Particles in the solid pack closely together, generally in a pattern. The particles vibrate about their fixed positions but do not move or squeeze past their neighbors. In liquids, although the particles are closely spaced, they are randomly arranged. The position of the particles are not fixed—that is, they are free to move past their neighbors to...
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Phase Transitions: Vaporization and Condensation02:39

Phase Transitions: Vaporization and Condensation

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The physical form of a substance changes on changing its temperature. For example, raising the temperature of a liquid causes the liquid to vaporize (convert into vapor). The process is called vaporization—a surface phenomenon. Vaporization occurs when the thermal motion of the molecules overcome the intermolecular forces, and the molecules (at the surface) escape into the gaseous state. When a liquid vaporizes in a closed container, gas molecules cannot escape. As these gas phase molecules...
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Phase Transitions: Sublimation and Deposition02:33

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Some solids can transition directly into the gaseous state, bypassing the liquid state, via a process known as sublimation. At room temperature and standard pressure, a piece of dry ice (solid CO2) sublimes, appearing to gradually disappear without ever forming any liquid. Snow and ice sublimate at temperatures below the melting point of water, a slow process that may be accelerated by winds and the reduced atmospheric pressures at high altitudes. When solid iodine is warmed, the solid sublimes...
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Colloids and Suspensions01:17

Colloids and Suspensions

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Children at play often make suspensions such as mixtures of mud and water, flour and water, or a suspension of solid pigments in water known as tempera paint. These suspensions are heterogeneous mixtures composed of relatively large particles visible to the naked eye or seen with a magnifying glass. They are cloudy, and the suspended particles settle out after mixing. The suspended particles in a suspension settle out after some time of mixing. The separation of particles from a suspension is...
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Properties of Transition Metals02:58

Properties of Transition Metals

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Transition metals are defined as those elements that have partially filled d orbitals. As shown in Figure 1, the d-block elements in groups 3–12 are transition elements. The f-block elements, also called inner transition metals (the lanthanides and actinides), also meet this criterion because the d orbital is partially occupied before the f orbitals.
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Feb 12, 2026

Quantitative and Qualitative Examination of Particle-particle Interactions Using Colloidal Probe Nanoscopy
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Quantitative and Qualitative Examination of Particle-particle Interactions Using Colloidal Probe Nanoscopy

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Colloidal probe dynamics in gelatin solution during the sol-gel transition.

Wei Hong1, Guozhi Xu, Xiaogang Ou

  • 1Research Institute of Materials Science, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510640, P. R. China. mswxsun@scut.edu.cn mcztong@scut.edu.cn.

Soft Matter
|April 4, 2018
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Summary

Researchers tracked colloidal probes during gelatin

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Area of Science:

  • Colloid and Polymer Science
  • Soft Matter Physics
  • Rheology

Background:

  • The sol-gel transition is a critical process in polymer science.
  • Understanding the dynamics during this transition is key to material properties.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate colloidal probe dynamics during gelatin's sol-gel transition.
  • To determine the critical gel point and exponent using probe displacement.
  • To elucidate the relationship between medium relaxation and probe movement.

Main Methods:

  • Multi-particle tracking of colloidal probes in gelatin.
  • Analysis of mean square displacement (MSD) and probe dynamics.
  • Application of loss angle criterion and time-cure superposition.

Main Results:

  • The critical gel point and exponent (n) of gelatin were determined.
  • Length-scale crossovers in the pre-gel regime correlated with non-Gaussian probe dynamics.
  • Inhomogeneity in the gel network was indicated by Gaussianity in the post-gel regime.

Conclusions:

  • Non-Gaussian probe dynamics arise from length-scale coupling, not direct medium equivalence.
  • The study provides insights into the complex dynamics governing the sol-gel transition.
  • This work establishes a method for determining critical parameters in gelling systems.