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Surface Tension, Capillary Action, and Viscosity02:57

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The various IMFs between identical molecules of a substance are examples of cohesive forces. The molecules within a liquid are surrounded by other molecules and are attracted equally in all directions by the cohesive forces within the liquid. However, the molecules on the surface of a liquid are attracted only by about one-half as many molecules. Because of the unbalanced molecular attractions on the surface molecules, liquids contract to form a shape that minimizes the number...
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Updated: Feb 12, 2026

Fluorescence Lifetime Imaging of Molecular Rotors in Living Cells
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Surface functionalisation with viscosity-sensitive BODIPY molecular rotor.

Aurimas Vyšniauskas, Ismael Lopez-Duarte, Alex J Thompson

    Methods and Applications in Fluorescence
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    Summary
    This summary is machine-generated.

    Microscope slides functionalized with BODIPY molecular rotors enable viscosity sensing through fluorescence lifetime. These novel slides show promise for applications in biological imaging and material science.

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    Area of Science:

    • Materials Science
    • Biophysics
    • Chemical Engineering

    Background:

    • Surface functionalization with molecular rotors offers new possibilities for sensing applications.
    • Molecular rotors are dyes sensitive to their microenvironment's viscosity.
    • Potential applications include biological viscosity imaging and studying shear stress effects.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To functionalize microscope slides with BODIPY-based molecular rotors for viscosity sensing.
    • To optimize functionalization conditions for direct and polymer-linker-mediated attachment.
    • To evaluate the performance of functionalized slides in sensing biological and supported lipid bilayer viscosity.

    Main Methods:

    • Microscope slides were functionalized with BODIPY molecular rotors.
    • Functionalization involved direct attachment and attachment via 5 kDa and 40 kDa polymer linkers.
    • Viscosity sensitivity was assessed using fluorescence lifetime measurements.
    • Supported lipid bilayers and giant unilamellar vesicles were used to test slide performance.

    Main Results:

    • Optimized functionalization conditions were established for the slides.
    • The functionalized slides demonstrated sensitivity to viscosity changes.
    • The slides were successfully employed to measure viscosity in supported lipid bilayers and giant unilamellar vesicles.
    • Different linker lengths influenced the rotor's performance.

    Conclusions:

    • Functionalized microscope slides with BODIPY molecular rotors are effective for viscosity sensing.
    • These slides hold significant potential for various applications, including non-invasive biological imaging.
    • The method provides a promising platform for studying dynamic viscosity changes in complex systems.