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Aquatic Exercise Program for Individuals With Osteoarthritis: Pain, Stiffness, Physical Function, Self-Efficacy.

Tülay Kars Fertelli1, Mukadder Mollaoglu1, Ozlem Sahin2

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Aquatic exercise significantly reduces pain and stiffness in osteoarthritis patients. This program also improves physical function, self-efficacy, and muscle strength, offering a valuable therapeutic option.

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Area of Science:

  • Rheumatology
  • Exercise Physiology
  • Physical Therapy

Background:

  • Osteoarthritis (OA) is a prevalent degenerative joint disease characterized by pain, stiffness, and functional limitations.
  • Current management strategies for OA often involve pharmacological interventions and conventional physical therapy, with varying degrees of success.
  • There is a need for effective, non-pharmacological interventions to improve the quality of life for individuals with OA.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate the impact of a structured aquatic exercise program on key OA symptoms.
  • Specifically, to assess changes in pain, joint stiffness, physical function, and self-efficacy.
  • To compare the outcomes of aquatic exercise against a control group receiving no intervention.

Main Methods:

  • A randomized controlled trial design was employed.
  • Participants were assigned to either an experimental group (aquatic exercise) or a control group.
  • The aquatic exercise program involved sessions three times per week for a duration of eight weeks.

Main Results:

  • The experimental group demonstrated statistically significant reductions in pain, stiffness, and difficulty with physical functions, as measured by the Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Osteoarthritis Index.
  • Improvements were observed in self-efficacy, assessed using the Arthritis Self-Efficacy Scale, in the aquatic exercise group.
  • Isokinetic muscle strength measurements also showed significant increases in the experimental group compared to the control group, which exhibited minimal changes.

Conclusions:

  • The aquatic exercise program effectively alleviates pain, stiffness, and functional impairments in individuals with osteoarthritis.
  • The intervention positively impacts self-efficacy and enhances muscle strength among OA patients.
  • This aquatic exercise regimen presents a viable and beneficial non-pharmacological approach for managing osteoarthritis, suitable for integration into nursing care plans.