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Atrial natriuretic peptides in man.

M G Nicholls1, H Ikram, I G Crozier

  • 1Department of Endocrinology, Princess Margaret Hospital, Christchurch, New Zealand.

Canadian Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology
|August 1, 1987
PubMed
Summary

Atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP) levels rise with high sodium intake and in conditions like heart failure and hypertension. ANP infusion causes diuresis, lowers blood pressure, and impacts hormone levels, suggesting therapeutic potential.

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Area of Science:

  • Cardiovascular Physiology
  • Endocrinology
  • Nephrology

Background:

  • Limited understanding of atrial peptides' physiological roles in humans.
  • Uncertainty regarding the therapeutic potential of atrial peptides and their analogues.
  • Elevated plasma immunoreactive atrial natriuretic peptide (IR-ANP) observed in specific clinical conditions.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the physiological and pathophysiological roles of atrial peptides.
  • To explore the potential therapeutic applications of atrial peptides and their analogues.

Main Methods:

  • Review of existing research on atrial peptides and their effects in humans.
  • Analysis of plasma IR-ANP levels in various physiological and pathological states.
  • Examination of responses to atrial peptide administration in human subjects.

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Main Results:

  • Plasma IR-ANP levels increase with high sodium diet, heart failure, chronic renal failure, and primary aldosteronism.
  • IR-ANP levels may be elevated in essential hypertension, with considerable overlap with normotensives.
  • Atrial peptide infusion in humans induces diuresis, increased electrolyte excretion, decreased blood pressure, increased heart rate, and hormonal changes (aldosterone, renin, norepinephrine).

Conclusions:

  • Atrial peptides exert significant physiological effects, including natriuresis, blood pressure regulation, and hormonal modulation.
  • Further research, including the development of specific antagonists, is needed to clarify the roles of atrial peptides.
  • Stable analogues of atrial peptides may hold promise for treating heart failure, renal failure, and hypertension.