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Microparticles in sickle cell disease.

Marc Romana1, Philippe Connes1,2,3, Nigel S Key4

  • 1Unité Biologie Intégrée du Globule Rouge, Université des Antilles, Inserm 1134, laboratoire d'Excellence GR-Ex, Paris, France.

Clinical Hemorheology and Microcirculation
|April 5, 2018
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Sickle cell disease (SCD) patients show higher levels of circulating microparticles (MPs), which are cell-derived vesicles. Further research is needed to understand the functional roles of these MPs in human SCD.

Keywords:
Sickle cell diseasemicroparticlesphysiopathology

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Area of Science:

  • Hematology
  • Vascular Biology
  • Biomarker Discovery

Background:

  • Sickle cell disease (SCD) is a prevalent hemoglobinopathy characterized by red blood cell (RBC) dysfunction.
  • Circulating microparticles (MPs), which are submicron vesicles released from activated blood cells, are elevated in SCD patients.
  • MPs are implicated in vascular disease and possess functional biological properties.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the current understanding of microparticle (MP) release and function in sickle cell disease (SCD).
  • To highlight the potential of MPs as biomarkers for vascular complications in SCD.
  • To identify knowledge gaps regarding the functional properties of circulating MPs in human SCD.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of studies investigating microparticles (MPs) in sickle cell disease (SCD).
  • Analysis of factors contributing to increased MP release in SCD, including sickling, oxidative stress, and RBC acid sphingomyelinase activity.
  • Examination of ex vivo findings on the pro-inflammatory and pro-adhesive effects of sickle RBC-derived MPs.

Main Results:

  • Plasma MP levels, primarily from platelets and RBCs, are consistently higher in steady-state SCD patients compared to healthy individuals.
  • Conflicting data exists on the impact of SCD complications and hydroxyurea treatment on MP levels, often due to methodological variations.
  • Ex vivo studies show that sickle RBC-derived MPs can induce oxidative stress and promote inflammation and adhesion in endothelial cells, potentially contributing to renal occlusion.

Conclusions:

  • Elevated circulating microparticles (MPs) are a hallmark of sickle cell disease (SCD).
  • While ex vivo studies suggest MPs contribute to vascular pathology, their precise functional roles in human SCD require further investigation.
  • Standardization of pre-analytical and analytical procedures is crucial for reliable MP quantification and interpretation in SCD research.