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Japanese macaque phonatory physiology.

Christian T Herbst1, Hiroki Koda2, Takumi Kunieda2

  • 1Bioacoustics Laboratory, Department of Cognitive Biology, University Vienna, Althanstrasse 14, 1090 Vienna, Austria herbst@ccrma.stanford.edu.

The Journal of Experimental Biology
|April 5, 2018
PubMed
Summary

Japanese macaques produce vocalizations with physical and physiological mechanisms similar to humans. Their vocal range and call production show striking parallels with human speech, suggesting universal principles in primate phonation.

Keywords:
ElectroglottographyExcised larynx preparationLaryngeal configurationPrimateVoice production principlesVoice range profile

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Area of Science:

  • Primate vocalization
  • Bioacoustics
  • Comparative phonetics

Background:

  • Japanese macaque (Macaca fuscata) vocal repertoire and function are well-studied, but vocal production physics and physiology remain underexplored.
  • Limited empirical data exists on the biomechanics and laryngeal dynamics of Japanese macaque vocalizations.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the physical and physiological mechanisms underlying Japanese macaque vocal production.
  • To compare the phonation dynamics of Japanese macaques with those of humans.

Main Methods:

  • Operant conditioning was used to elicit phonation in a trained Japanese macaque.
  • Sound pressure level (SPL) calibrated microphones and electroglottography (EGG) recorded 'coo', 'growl', and 'chirp' calls.
  • Ex vivo laryngeal recordings and in vivo data were analyzed and compared using EGG waveforms.

Main Results:

  • The macaque's vocal range (fundamental frequency and SPL) was comparable to that of a 7-10-year-old human.
  • Distinct laryngeal vibratory mechanisms were identified for growls, coos, and chirps via EGG.
  • EGG revealed variations in vocal fold adduction, producing breathy to non-breathy spectral variations in coo calls, analogous to human phonation.

Conclusions:

  • Japanese macaque vocalizations share fundamental physical and physiological principles with human phonation.
  • The species' vocal membranes may facilitate the production of low-intensity chirps.
  • Findings support the hypothesis of universal principles governing phonation in humans and non-human primates.