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Related Concept Videos

System of Memory01:23

System of Memory

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Memory is categorized into three major systems: sensory memory, short-term memory (STM), and long-term memory (LTM). These systems differ in their capacity and the duration for which they can hold information. Sensory memory captures raw sensory input from the environment, holding it for just a few seconds or less. For example, on hearing a brief, loud sound, like a car horn honking, the sound seems to linger in the mind for a moment even after it stops. This is an instance of sensory memory...
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Working Memory01:24

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Working memory refers to a combination of components, including short-term memory and attention, that allow an individual to hold information temporarily as we perform cognitive tasks. It is an essential cognitive function that enables the execution of complex tasks such as problem-solving, comprehension, and reasoning. Unlike short-term memory, which simply involves the storage of information for a brief period, working memory involves the active manipulation and processing of this...
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Long-Term Memory01:18

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Long-term memory is a relatively permanent type of memory, capable of storing vast amounts of information over extended periods. Its storage capacity is generally considered unlimited.
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Traumatic Memory01:20

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Emotionally traumatic events often lead to memories that are exceptionally vivid and enduring, sometimes persisting with remarkable clarity throughout an individual's life. A classic example of this phenomenon is a person who survives a car accident. Even years later, they may recall every detail of the event with startling accuracy — the screeching of the tires, the jarring impact, and the acrid smell of burning rubber. Such vividness contrasts sharply with how an individual...
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Repressed Memory01:16

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Repressed memories are a psychological phenomenon where memories of traumatic events are unconsciously blocked from a person's awareness. This process occurs as a defense mechanism, protecting the mind from the emotional impact of distressing or painful experiences. For example, a person who has experienced childhood trauma may grow up with no conscious recollection of the event. In such cases, the memories are thought to be buried deep within the subconscious, inaccessible to the conscious...
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Immunological memory, a pivotal pillar of the adaptive immune system, is responsible for the body's ability to remember and respond more swiftly and effectively to previously encountered pathogens. This remarkable feature is what makes vaccines so effective in preventing diseases.
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Related Experiment Video

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Working Memory Training for Older Participants: A Control Group Training Regimen and Initial Intellectual Functioning Assessment
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A Method to Train Marmosets in Visual Working Memory Task and Their Performance.

Katsuki Nakamura1, Reiko Koba1, Miki Miwa1

  • 1Cognitive Neuroscience Section, Primate Research Institute, Kyoto University, Inuyama, Japan.

Frontiers in Behavioral Neuroscience
|April 5, 2018
PubMed
Summary

Common marmosets can be trained in a novel delayed matching-to-sample task, providing the first data on their visual working memory. This establishes them as a valuable model for studying aging and neurodegenerative diseases.

Keywords:
agingdelayed matching-to-sample taskmarmosetneurodegenerative diseasesnon-human primatevisual working memory

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Primate Cognition
  • Animal Models

Background:

  • Monkeys share cognitive similarities with humans, making them valuable models for aging and neurodegenerative diseases like Alzheimer's.
  • Common marmosets (Callithrix jacchus) are proposed as models for neurodegenerative diseases due to gene modification advancements and their shorter lifespan.
  • Visual working memory deficits are key symptoms of dementia and aging, yet data is lacking for common marmosets.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop and implement a novel training procedure for evaluating visual working memory in common marmosets using a delayed matching-to-sample task.
  • To establish the common marmoset as a non-human primate model for studying visual working memory in aging and neurodegenerative conditions.

Main Methods:

  • Developed a novel delayed matching-to-sample task procedure for common marmosets.
  • Utilized visual discrimination and reversal tasks to train marmosets' attention to visual stimuli.
  • Trained 13 common marmosets, with 11 successfully completing the initial stage of the task.

Main Results:

  • Successfully trained 11 out of 13 common marmosets in the initial stage of the delayed matching-to-sample task.
  • Marmosets required a median of 1316 trials to initially learn the task, but fewer trials (≤476) for novel stimuli after learning.
  • Common marmosets demonstrated the ability to retain visual information for up to 16 seconds.

Conclusions:

  • The novel training procedure is effective for assessing visual working memory in common marmosets.
  • This research provides the first data on visual working memory in common marmosets, validating their use as a model.
  • The common marmoset is established as a viable non-human primate model for investigating visual working memory deficits in aging and neurodegenerative diseases.