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Measuring Nitrite and Nitrate, Metabolites in the Nitric Oxide Pathway, in Biological Materials using the Chemiluminescence Method
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Nitrate-Dependent Iron Oxidation: A Potential Mars Metabolism.

Alex Price1, Victoria K Pearson1, Susanne P Schwenzer1

  • 1Faculty of Science, Technology, Engineering and Mathematics, The Open University, Milton Keynes, United Kingdom.

Frontiers in Microbiology
|April 5, 2018
PubMed
Summary

Microbial nitrate-dependent Fe2+ oxidation (NDFO) could have supported early Mars life. Key environmental factors like iron, nitrate, and carbon availability suggest NDFO microbes may have thrived and left detectable biosignatures.

Keywords:
MarsNDFOanaerobicastrobiologychemolithotrophyironnitratenitrate-dependent ferrous iron oxidation

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Area of Science:

  • Astrobiology
  • Geochemistry
  • Microbiology

Background:

  • Early Mars possessed environments potentially suitable for microbial life.
  • Abundant ferrous iron (Fe2+) and confirmed nitrate deposits indicate key redox substrates.
  • Anoxic conditions and circumneutral pH in Noachian lacustrine systems align with NDFO requirements.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To assess the hypothetical viability of microbial nitrate-dependent Fe2+ oxidation (NDFO) for early Mars life.
  • To identify environmental conditions on early Mars that support NDFO metabolism.
  • To explore potential biosignatures of NDFO microbes in the Martian rock record.

Main Methods:

  • Review of existing data on early Mars geology, geochemistry, and atmospheric conditions.
  • Analysis of NDFO metabolic requirements and comparisons with early Mars environmental parameters.
  • Identification of potential preservation mechanisms and biosignatures for NDFO microorganisms.

Main Results:

  • Early Mars environments show evidence of Fe2+ (electron donor) and nitrate (electron acceptor).
  • Anoxia and suitable pH in Noachian lakes support NDFO metabolism.
  • NDFO's light-independent nature allows for potential subsurface survival.

Conclusions:

  • Microbial NDFO is a plausible metabolic pathway for supporting early life on Mars.
  • NDFO microbes could have acted as primary producers in Martian aquatic systems.
  • Biomineralization and cellular encrustation may preserve NDFO biosignatures detectable by future missions.