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CD1-Restricted T Cells During Persistent Virus Infections: "Sympathy for the Devil"
Günther Schönrich1, Martin J Raftery1
1Berlin Institute of Health, Institute of Virology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany.
Frontiers in Immunology
|April 5, 2018
Summary
Persistent viruses engage the immune system, but can evade control. Cluster of differentiation 1 (CD1)-restricted T cells play a dual role in fighting viral infections and causing damage.
Area of Science:
- Immunology
- Virology
- Molecular Biology
Background:
- Persistent viral infections establish a complex equilibrium between host immunity and viral evasion.
- Failure in this equilibrium can lead to disease, tissue damage, and immunopathology.
- Cluster of differentiation 1 (CD1) molecules present lipid antigens, influencing immune responses.
Purpose of the Study:
- To review the dual role of CD1-restricted T cells in persistent viral infections.
- To summarize viral immune evasion strategies targeting CD1-restricted T cells.
Main Methods:
- Literature review of studies on CD1-restricted T cells and persistent viruses.
- Analysis of viral immune evasion mechanisms affecting CD1-dependent and independent pathways.
Main Results:
- CD1-restricted T cells are activated during persistent viral infections through various mechanisms.
- Viruses employ sophisticated strategies to subvert CD1-restricted T cell responses.
- These T cells are critical for antiviral defense but can also mediate immunopathology.
Conclusions:
- CD1-restricted T cells have a dichotomous role in persistent viral infections, contributing to both host defense and pathology.
- Understanding viral evasion of CD1-restricted T cells is key to managing persistent infections.