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Related Concept Videos

Photosystem I01:27

Photosystem I

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Although structurally similar to photosystem II (PSII), photosystem I (PSI) is has a different electron supplier and electron acceptor.
Both these photosystems work in concert. An excited electron from PSII is relayed to PSI via an electron transport chain in the thylakoid membrane of the chloroplast, which is comprised of the carrier molecule plastoquinone, the dual-protein cytochrome complex, and plastocyanin. As electrons move between PSII and PSI, they lose energy and must be re-energized...
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Photosystem II01:22

Photosystem II

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The multi-protein complex photosystem II (PS II) harvests photons and transfers their energy through its bound pigments to its reaction center, and ultimately to photosystem I (PSI) through the electron transport chain. The pigments responsible for caputirng the light energy in photosystems include chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b, and carotenoids.
The pigment molecules are arranged across  two photosystem domains — the antenna complex and the reaction center. The main aim of the pigment...
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Photosystems01:32

Photosystems

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Photosystems are multiprotein complexes that form the functional units of photosynthesis in plants, algae, and cyanobacteria. They are found embedded in the membrane of tiny sac-like structures called thylakoids placed inside the chloroplast.
Functioning of Photosystems
Photosystems contain many pigment molecules, such as chlorophylls and carotenoids, arranged in a particular organization across two domains — the antenna complex and the reaction center. The main aim of the pigment...
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Structural Protein Function01:56

Structural Protein Function

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Structural proteins are a category of proteins responsible for functions ranging from cell shape and movement to providing support to major structures such as bones, cartilage, hair, and muscles. This group includes proteins such as collagen, actin, myosin, and keratin.
Collagen, the most abundant protein in mammals, is found throughout the body. In connective tissue, such as skin, ligaments, and tendons, it provides tensile strength and elasticity.  In bones and teeth, it mineralizes to...
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Structural Protein Function01:56

Structural Protein Function

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Fruit Development, Structure, and Function01:58

Fruit Development, Structure, and Function

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Fruits form from a mature flower ovary. As seeds develop from the ovules contained within, the ovary wall undergoes a series of complex changes to form fruit. In some fruits, such as soybeans, the ovary wall dries; in other fruits, such as grapes, it remains fleshy. In some cases, organs other than the ovary contribute to fruit formation; such fruits are called accessory fruits.
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Analyzing Supercomplexes of the Mitochondrial Electron Transport Chain with Native Electrophoresis, In-gel Assays, and Electroelution
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Structure and Function of the Photosystem Supercomplexes.

Jinlan Gao1, Hao Wang2, Qipeng Yuan2

  • 1State Key Laboratory of Plant Genomics, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.

Frontiers in Plant Science
|April 5, 2018
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Photosynthesis harnesses solar energy via photosystem II (PSII) and photosystem I (PSI) supercomplexes. Recent cryoEM and XFEL advances reveal structural and catalytic details of these essential complexes.

Keywords:
chloroplastphotosynthesisphotosystem II protein complexprotein complexstructure

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Area of Science:

  • Biochemistry and Molecular Biology
  • Photosynthesis research
  • Structural biology

Background:

  • Photosynthesis converts solar energy to chemical energy, producing oxygen and food.
  • Photosystem II (PSII) catalyzes water splitting and oxygen evolution.
  • Photosystem I (PSI) generates reducing power for NADP+ to NADPH conversion.
  • Photosystems and light-harvesting complexes (LHCs) form supercomplexes in thylakoid membranes.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review recent advances in understanding photosystem supercomplexes, particularly PSII-LHCII.
  • To highlight structural and catalytic insights gained from advanced techniques.
  • To identify unresolved questions and future research directions in the field.

Main Methods:

  • Single-particle cryo-electron microscopy (cryoEM)
  • X-ray free electron laser (XFEL) studies
  • Serial time-resolved crystallography
  • Femtosecond XFEL for mechanism studies

Main Results:

  • High-resolution structures of plant photosystem complexes have been determined.
  • New insights into the mechanism of water oxidation have been obtained.
  • Unprecedented structural and catalytic details of PSII and PSI supercomplexes are now available.

Conclusions:

  • Recent technological advancements have significantly improved our understanding of photosystem supercomplexes.
  • Further research is needed to address remaining questions regarding their structure and function.
  • Future studies will likely focus on detailed mechanistic aspects and unresolved structural problems.