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Related Concept Videos

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The interval estimate of any variable is known as the prediction interval. It helps decide if a point estimate is dependable.
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The loudness of a sound source is related to how energetically the source is vibrating, consequently making the molecules of the propagation medium vibrate. To measure the loudness of a source, the physical quantity of interest is the intensity. This is defined as the energy emitted per unit of time per unit of area perpendicular to the sound wave's propagation direction. Since the total energy is greater if the source vibrates for a longer duration and over a larger area, dividing the...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Feb 12, 2026

A Real-World High-Intensity Interval Training Protocol for Cardiorespiratory Fitness Improvement
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High-intensity interval training improves obstructive sleep apnoea.

Trine Karlsen1,2, Bjarne Martens Nes1, Arnt Erik Tjønna1

  • 1K.G. Jebsen Center of Exercise in Medicine, Department of Circulation and Medical Imaging, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway.

BMJ Open Sport & Exercise Medicine
|April 5, 2018
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

High-intensity interval training (HIIT) significantly reduced the apnoea-hypopnea index (AHI) and daytime sleepiness in obese individuals with sleep apnea. This 12-week program improved sleep quality without affecting body weight.

Keywords:
CVD riskHIITOSAVO2maxdaytime sleepinessendurance exercise

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Area of Science:

  • Exercise Physiology
  • Sleep Medicine
  • Obesity Research

Background:

  • Vigorous physical activity is linked to lower odds of sleep-disordered breathing.
  • Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is a common condition, particularly in obese individuals.
  • Effective interventions for OSA in obese populations are crucial.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To determine if 12 weeks of high-intensity interval training (HIIT) could reduce the apnoea-hypopnea index (AHI) in obese patients with moderate-to-severe OSA.
  • To assess the impact of HIIT on daytime sleepiness and cardiorespiratory fitness.

Main Methods:

  • A prospective randomized controlled trial involving 30 obese patients (BMI 37±6 kg/m², age 51±9 years) with OSA (AHI 41.5±25.3 events/hour).
  • Participants were randomized to a control group or a 12-week supervised HIIT program (2 sessions/week, 4x4 min at 90%-95% max heart rate).
  • Outcomes measured included AHI, Epworth sleepiness scale, and maximal oxygen uptake (VO₂max).

Main Results:

  • The HIIT group showed a significant reduction in AHI (7.5±11.6 events/hour, p<0.05) and improved Epworth scores (10.0±3.6 to 7.3±3.7, p<0.05).
  • Maximal oxygen uptake (VO₂max) increased in the HIIT group (28.2±7.4 to 30.2±7.7 mL/kg/min, p<0.05).
  • Control group showed no significant changes in AHI, sleepiness, or VO₂max; body weight remained stable in both groups.

Conclusions:

  • Twelve weeks of supervised HIIT is an effective intervention for improving the apnoea-hypopnea index in obese individuals with sleep apnea.
  • HIIT also led to significant improvements in self-reported daytime sleepiness.
  • The benefits of HIIT on AHI and sleepiness were observed without changes in desaturation index or body weight.