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Related Concept Videos

Viscosity01:17

Viscosity

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When water is poured into a glass, it falls freely and quickly, whereas if honey or maple syrup is poured over a pancake, it flows slowly and sticks to the surface of the container. This difference in the flow of different kinds of liquids arises due to the fluid friction between the liquid layers and the liquid and the surrounding material. This property of fluids is called fluid viscosity. In this example, water has a lower viscosity than honey and maple syrup.
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This lesson defines the leveling effect in acidic and basic solutions and its role in aqueous and non-aqueous solutions. It is essential to understand the competing nature of various species in a chemical system.
The Leveling Effect of a Solvent
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Surface Tension, Capillary Action, and Viscosity02:57

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Surface Tension
The various IMFs between identical molecules of a substance are examples of cohesive forces. The molecules within a liquid are surrounded by other molecules and are attracted equally in all directions by the cohesive forces within the liquid. However, the molecules on the surface of a liquid are attracted only by about one-half as many molecules. Because of the unbalanced molecular attractions on the surface molecules, liquids contract to form a shape that minimizes the number...
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Viscosity of Fluid01:19

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Viscosity measures the resistance a fluid offers to flow and deformation. It results from internal friction between layers of fluid moving relative to one another. Dynamic viscosity, denoted by the Greek letter mu (μ), quantifies the force needed to move one fluid layer over another. For Newtonian fluids like water and air, the relationship between the shearing stress and the rate of shearing strain is linear, meaning their viscosity remains constant regardless of the applied stress.
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V-type pumps are ATP-driven pumps found in the vacuolar membranes of plants, yeast, endosomal and lysosomal membranes of animal cells, plasma membranes of a few specialized eukaryotic cells, and some prokaryotes. They are also known as the V1Vo-ATPase, that couple ATP hydrolysis to transport protons against a concentration gradient.
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ATP Driven Pumps II: P-type Pumps01:34

ATP Driven Pumps II: P-type Pumps

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The P-type pumps are a large family of integral membrane transporter ATPases. They are divided into five major types based on substrate specificity, from I to V.
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The microscale Weissenberg effect for high-viscosity solution pumping at the picoliter level.

Xuecui Mei1, Qinnan Chen, Shihu Wang

  • 1Department of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361000, P. R. China. sundh@xmu.edu.cn wdz@xmu.edu.cn.

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The microscale Weissenberg effect (MWE) enables precise picoliter-scale pumping of viscous fluids for microfabrication. This method offers rapid response times and controllable jetting for advanced microstructuring.

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Area of Science:

  • Fluid dynamics
  • Microfluidics
  • Materials science

Background:

  • Efficient transport of highly viscous solutions at the picoliter scale is crucial for micro/nano-fabrication.
  • Traditional methods face challenges with high transport resistance and slow response times.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the characteristics and behaviors of the microscale Weissenberg effect (MWE) for pumping viscous fluids.
  • To develop a novel direct writing technique based on MWE for microfabrication.
  • To demonstrate the fabrication of microfluidic channels with variable diameters.

Main Methods:

  • Investigating MWE with decreasing rotation rod diameters to the microscale (~100 μm).
  • Developing a direct writing system utilizing MWE for high-viscosity solutions (up to 130.1 Pa s).
  • Applying high voltage to enhance jet stability and deposited structure quality.

Main Results:

  • Achieved picoliter-scale pumping with a minimum volume of 167.5 pL/s and a response time of 0.3 s.
  • Successfully demonstrated direct writing of microstructures with adjustable jet diameters.
  • Fabricated microfluidic channels with variable diameters using MWE-based direct writing.

Conclusions:

  • MWE provides a superior alternative to traditional methods for transporting highly viscous solutions at the microscale.
  • The developed MWE-based direct writing system offers rapid, controllable, and stable microfabrication capabilities.
  • This technology overcomes limitations associated with high transport resistance in viscous fluid handling for micro/nano-fabrication.