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Related Concept Videos

Genomics02:02

Genomics

40.9K
Genomics is the science of genomes: it is the study of all the genetic material of an organism. In humans, the genome consists of information carried in 23 pairs of chromosomes in the nucleus, as well as mitochondrial DNA. In genomics, both coding and non-coding DNA is sequenced and analyzed. Genomics allows a better understanding of all living things, their evolution, and their diversity. It has a myriad of uses: for example, to build phylogenetic trees, to improve productivity and...
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Genomic Imprinting and Inheritance02:30

Genomic Imprinting and Inheritance

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Diploid organisms inherit genetic material through chromosomes from both parents. Copies of the same gene are known as alleles. In most cases, both alleles are simultaneously expressed and allow various cellular processes to function optimally. If one of the alleles is missing or mutated, the expression of the other allele can compensate; however, this is not true for all genes.
The expression of some genes depends on which parent passed the gene to the offspring, through a phenomenon known as...
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Genome Size and the Evolution of New Genes03:21

Genome Size and the Evolution of New Genes

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While every living organism has a genome of some kind (be it RNA, or DNA), there is considerable variation in the sizes of these blueprints. One major factor that impacts genome size is whether the organism is prokaryotic or eukaryotic. In prokaryotes, the genome contains little to no non-coding sequence, such that genes are tightly clustered in groups or operons sequentially along the chromosome. Conversely, the genes in eukaryotes are punctuated by long stretches of non-coding sequence.
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Genome Size and the Evolution of New Genes03:21

Genome Size and the Evolution of New Genes

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Comparing Mitochondrial, Chloroplast, and Prokaryotic Genomes02:16

Comparing Mitochondrial, Chloroplast, and Prokaryotic Genomes

17.0K
The present-day mitochondrial and chloroplast genomes have retained some of the characteristics of their ancestral prokaryotes and also have acquired new attributes during their evolution within eukaryotic cells. Like prokaryotic genomes, mitochondrial and chloroplast genomes neither bind with histone-like proteins nor show complex packaging into chromosome-like structures, as observed in eukaryotes. Unlike mitotic cell divisions observed in eukaryotic cells, mitochondria and chloroplasts...
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Genomic DNA in Prokaryotes00:46

Genomic DNA in Prokaryotes

48.8K
The genome of most prokaryotic organisms consists of double-stranded DNA organized into one circular chromosome in a region of cytoplasm called the nucleoid. The chromosome is tightly wound, or supercoiled, for efficient storage. Prokaryotes also contain other circular pieces of DNA called plasmids. These plasmids are smaller than the chromosome and often carry genes that confer adaptive functions, such as antibiotic resistance.
Genomic Diversity in Bacteria
Although bacterial genomes are much...
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Isolation and Genome Analysis of Single Virions using 'Single Virus Genomics'
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Isolation and Genome Analysis of Single Virions using 'Single Virus Genomics'

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Chicken genomics.

Yuanyuan Cheng1, David W Burt

  • 1The University of Queensland, St. Lucia, Queensland, Australia. d.burt@uq.edu.au.

The International Journal of Developmental Biology
|April 5, 2018
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

The chicken genome, a vital model organism, has seen significant assembly and annotation improvements. Ongoing research, including transcriptome sequencing, continues to reveal its complex structure and function.

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Area of Science:

  • Genomics
  • Comparative Genomics
  • Avian Biology

Background:

  • The chicken is an economically important species and a model organism for research.
  • It was the first non-mammalian amniote to have its genome sequenced.
  • The current chicken reference genome is the best assembled and annotated avian genome.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review progress in chicken genome assembly and annotation.
  • To discuss recent advances in avian comparative genomics.
  • To identify limitations and future research directions in chicken genomics.

Main Methods:

  • Genome sequencing and assembly using novel technologies.
  • Transcriptome sequencing, including full-length transcript characterization.
  • Comparative genomic analyses across avian species.

Main Results:

  • Significant improvements in chicken genome assembly (coverage, contiguity, accuracy).
  • Transcriptome data provided insights into genome structure and function complexity.
  • Advances in comparative genomics have enhanced understanding of avian genomes.

Conclusions:

  • The chicken genome assembly and annotation have progressed substantially.
  • Further research is needed to address current data limitations.
  • Continued efforts in chicken genomics will advance biological and medical research.