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Related Concept Videos

Adult Stem Cells01:33

Adult Stem Cells

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Stem cells are undifferentiated cells that divide and produce more stem cells or progenitor cells that differentiate into mature, specialized cell types. All the cells in the body are generated from stem cells in the early embryo, but small populations of stem cells are also present in many adult tissues including the bone marrow, brain, skin, and gut. These adult stem cells typically produce the various cell types found in that tissue—to replace cells that are damaged or to continuously...
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Embryonic Stem Cells00:58

Embryonic Stem Cells

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Embryonic stem (ES) cells are undifferentiated pluripotent cells, meaning they can produce any cell type in the body. This gives them tremendous potential in science and medicine since they can generate specific cell types for use in research or to replace body cells lost due to damage or disease.
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Embryonic Stem Cells00:57

Embryonic Stem Cells

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Embryonic stem (ES) cells were first discovered in mice in 1981 by Martin Evans. In 1998, James Thomson identified a method to isolate embryonic stem cells from humans. Human embryonic stem cells (hESCs) are obtained from 3-5 day old embryos that remain unused after an in vitro fertilization procedure.
ES cells are grown in a culture medium where they can divide indefinitely, creating ES cell lines. Under certain conditions, ES cells can differentiate, either spontaneously into a variety of...
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Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells01:13

Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells

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Stem cells are undifferentiated cells that divide and produce different types of cells. Ordinarily, cells that have differentiated into a specific cell type are post-mitotic—that is, they no longer divide. However, scientists have found a way to reprogram these mature cells so that they “de-differentiate” and return to an unspecialized, proliferative state. These cells are also pluripotent like embryonic stem cells—able to produce all cell types—and are therefore...
28.1K
Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells01:06

Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells

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Stem cells are undifferentiated cells that divide and produce different cell types. Ordinarily, cells that have differentiated into a specific cell type are terminally differentiated; however, scientists have found a way to reprogram these mature cells so that they dedifferentiate and return to an unspecialized, proliferative state. These cells are pluripotent like embryonic stem cells—able to produce all cell types—and are called induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs).
Somatic...
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Distinctive Features of Adult Stem Cells vs Cancer Stem Cells01:18

Distinctive Features of Adult Stem Cells vs Cancer Stem Cells

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A stem cell is an unspecialized cell that can divide without limit as needed and can, under specific conditions, differentiate into specialized cells.
Adult stem cells
Adult stem cells are tissue-specific; hence, they divide to develop the tissue from which they originate. One type of adult stem cell is the epithelial stem cell, which gives rise to the keratinocytes in the multiple layers of epithelial cells in the epidermis of the skin. Adult bone marrow has three distinct types of stem cells:...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Feb 12, 2026

Derivation of Hematopoietic Stem Cells from Murine Embryonic Stem Cells
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Derivation of Hematopoietic Stem Cells from Murine Embryonic Stem Cells

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Spermatogonial stem cells.

Hiroshi Kubota1, Ralph L Brinster2

  • 1Laboratory of Cell and Molecular Biology, Department of Animal Science, School of Veterinary Medicine, Kitasato University, Towada, Aomori, Japan.

Biology of Reproduction
|April 5, 2018
PubMed
Summary

Spermatogonial stem cells (SSCs) are vital for sperm production. A functional transplantation assay, developed in 1994, successfully identified SSCs, enabling advancements in germ cell biology and applications.

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Isolation and Transplantation of Hematopoietic Stem Cells HSCs
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Serial Enrichment of Spermatogonial Stem and Progenitor Cells SSCs in Culture for Derivation of Long-term Adult Mouse SSC Lines
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Serial Enrichment of Spermatogonial Stem and Progenitor Cells SSCs in Culture for Derivation of Long-term Adult Mouse SSC Lines

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Isolation and Transplantation of Hematopoietic Stem Cells HSCs
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Isolation and Transplantation of Hematopoietic Stem Cells HSCs

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Area of Science:

  • Reproductive Biology
  • Cell Biology
  • Developmental Biology

Background:

  • Spermatogonial stem cells (SSCs) are crucial for continuous sperm production and genetic transmission.
  • Previous identification methods for SSCs were unsuccessful until the development of a functional assay.
  • The SSC functional assay is essential for understanding male germline stem cell biology.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the identification and application of spermatogonial stem cells (SSCs).
  • To highlight the impact of the SSC transplantation assay on germ cell research.
  • To discuss future directions in SSC research and applications.

Main Methods:

  • Histology, immunostaining, and pulse-chase labeling were historically used but lacked success.
  • A quantitative functional assay using spermatogonial transplantation was established in 1994.
  • The transplantation method allows evaluation of SSC self-renewal and differentiation capabilities.

Main Results:

  • The spermatogonial transplantation assay successfully identified SSCs in mice and non-rodents.
  • This assay enabled the development of ex vivo SSC culture systems.
  • Significant advancements in germ cell biology and applications have resulted from the assay.

Conclusions:

  • The SSC transplantation assay revolutionized germ cell biology and enabled ex vivo expansion.
  • Future applications include understanding SSC regulation and germline modification.
  • SSCs hold promise for gene correction, fertility enhancement, and cell conversion therapies.