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Distributed affective space represents multiple emotion categories across the human brain.

Heini Saarimäki1, Lara Farzaneh Ejtehadian1, Enrico Glerean2,3,4

  • 1Department of Neuroscience and Biomedical Engineering, Aalto University, FI-00076 Espoo, Finland.

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Neuroimaging reveals distinct brain patterns for 12 emotions, both basic and non-basic. Subjective feelings align with specific, distributed neural activation across cortical and subcortical circuits.

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Cognitive Neuroscience
  • Affective Neuroscience

Background:

  • The precise neural underpinnings and functional organization of human emotion systems remain incompletely understood.
  • Differentiating the neuroanatomical basis and segregation of various emotion categories in the brain presents a significant research challenge.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To characterize the brain's organizational structure for a broad spectrum of emotion categories.
  • To investigate the neuroanatomical basis and distinguishable neural signatures of basic and non-basic emotions.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized pattern classification and hierarchical clustering techniques.
  • Measured brain activity using functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) during guided mental imagery.
  • Induced 14 distinct emotions (6 basic, 8 non-basic) and a neutral state in participants.

Main Results:

  • Successfully classified 12 out of 14 induced emotions from fMRI haemodynamic signals.
  • Identified widespread engagement of brain areas, including midline cortices (anterior/posterior cingulate, precuneus), subcortical regions, and motor areas (cerebellum, premotor cortex).
  • Demonstrated a correlation between the similarity of subjective emotional experiences and the similarity of neural activation patterns.

Conclusions:

  • Different basic and non-basic emotions possess distinguishable neural bases.
  • These neural bases are characterized by specific, distributed activation patterns within widespread cortical and subcortical circuits.
  • Regionally differentiated engagement of these neural circuits defines unique activation patterns and subjective feelings for each emotion.