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A Multidimensional Theory of Suicide.
Antoon A Leenaars1, Gudrun Dieserud2, Susanne Wenckstern3
11 Private Practice, Windsor, ON Canada.
Crisis
|April 6, 2018
Summary
Leenaars's multidimensional suicide theory is supported by psychological autopsy (PA) findings in Norway. Older individuals who died by suicide were perceived by survivors to experience greater intrapsychic pain.
Area of Science:
- Suicidology
- Psychology
Background:
- Leenaars developed a multidimensional suicide model based on decades of suicide note studies.
- This model has undergone international cross-cultural studies and independent verification.
Purpose of the Study:
- To corroborate Leenaars's theory using a psychological autopsy (PA) study.
- To examine the influence of decedent's age, sex, and survivor's relationship to the deceased.
Main Methods:
- A PA study was conducted in Norway with 120 survivors/informants.
- Leenaars's theoretical-conceptual analysis was applied to survivor narratives and in-depth interviews.
Main Results:
- High interjudge reliability (κ = .632) was achieved.
- Survivor narratives provided confirmatory evidence for Leenaars's intrapsychic and interpersonal factors in suicide.
- Older decedents were perceived to experience more intense intrapsychic pain; no significant differences were found for sex or relationship closeness.
Conclusions:
- Leenaars's theory is corroborated by suicide notes and survivor narratives.
- The multidimensional model requires further testing for improved evidence-based understanding of suicide.
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