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A Multidimensional Theory of Suicide.

Antoon A Leenaars1, Gudrun Dieserud2, Susanne Wenckstern3

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Summary

Leenaars's multidimensional suicide theory is supported by psychological autopsy (PA) findings in Norway. Older individuals who died by suicide were perceived by survivors to experience greater intrapsychic pain.

Keywords:
interpersonalintrapsychicmultidimensionalpsychological autopsysuicidesuicide notestheory

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Area of Science:

  • Suicidology
  • Psychology

Background:

  • Leenaars developed a multidimensional suicide model based on decades of suicide note studies.
  • This model has undergone international cross-cultural studies and independent verification.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To corroborate Leenaars's theory using a psychological autopsy (PA) study.
  • To examine the influence of decedent's age, sex, and survivor's relationship to the deceased.

Main Methods:

  • A PA study was conducted in Norway with 120 survivors/informants.
  • Leenaars's theoretical-conceptual analysis was applied to survivor narratives and in-depth interviews.

Main Results:

  • High interjudge reliability (κ = .632) was achieved.
  • Survivor narratives provided confirmatory evidence for Leenaars's intrapsychic and interpersonal factors in suicide.
  • Older decedents were perceived to experience more intense intrapsychic pain; no significant differences were found for sex or relationship closeness.

Conclusions:

  • Leenaars's theory is corroborated by suicide notes and survivor narratives.
  • The multidimensional model requires further testing for improved evidence-based understanding of suicide.