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Analysis of Gene Expression Changes in the Rat Hippocampus After Deep Brain Stimulation of the Anterior Thalamic Nucleus

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Toward an Integrative Theory of Thalamic Function.

Rajeev V Rikhye^1,2, Ralf D Wimmer^1,3, Michael M Halassa^1,2,3

¹Department of Brain and Cognitive Science, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA;

Annual Review of Neuroscience

|April 6, 2018

Summary

The thalamus, not just a relay, performs unique computations essential for cognition. This research proposes a new framework highlighting its role in contextual signaling and cognitive flexibility.

Keywords:

brain development cognition cortical microcircuits neocortex predictive coding thalamus

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Area of Science:

Neuroscience
Cognitive Science

Background:

The thalamus's role in cognition is debated, with recent theories emphasizing a corticocentric view.
Current models often describe the thalamus as a simple relay for cortical information processing.

Purpose of the Study:

To review evidence supporting essential and unique thalamic computations in cognition.
To propose a new framework for understanding thalamic contributions to cognitive functions.

Main Methods:

Review of anatomical, physiological, and behavioral studies.
Evolutionary and theoretical analysis of thalamic circuit functions.
Development of a formal framework for thalamic computations.

Main Results:

Thalamic circuits possess unique architectural and functional features enabling complex computations.
Thalamic circuits are suited for computing contextual signals that reconfigure cortical representations.
The proposed framework aligns with existing findings on perceptual inference and behavioral flexibility.

Conclusions:

The thalamus plays an active and indispensable role in cognitive processes.
A revised, expanded view of the thalamus is necessary for a comprehensive understanding of cognition.
The proposed framework offers testable predictions for future research on thalamic function.