Testing equality of means in partially paired data with incompleteness in single response

In testing differentially expressed genes between tumor and healthy tissues, data are usually collected in paired form. However, incomplete paired data often occur. While extensive statistical researches exist for paired data with incompleteness in both arms, hardly any recent work can be found on paired data with incompleteness in single arm. This paper aims to fill this gap by proposing some new methods, namely, P-value pooling methods and a nonparametric combination test. Simulation studies are conducted to investigate the performance of the proposed methods in terms of type I error and power at small to moderate sample sizes. A real data set from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) breast cancer study is analyzed using the proposed methods.