Related Experiment Video
Updated: Feb 12, 2026

Delivery of Antibodies into the Murine Brain via Convection-enhanced Delivery
Published on: July 18, 2019
Vertical variation of ice particle size in convective cloud tops
Bastiaan van Diedenhoven1,2, Ann M Fridlind2, Brian Cairns2
1Center for Climate System Research, Columbia University, New York, New York, USA.
Abstract:
A novel technique is used to estimate derivatives of ice effective radius with respect to height near convective cloud tops (dre /dz) from airborne shortwave reflectance measurements and lidar. Values of dre /dz are about -6 microm/km for cloud tops below the homogeneous freezing level, increasing to near 0 microm/km above the estimated level of neutral buoyancy. Retrieved dre /dz compares well with previously documented remote sensing and in situ estimates. Effective radii decrease with increasing cloud top height, while cloud top extinction increases. This is consistent with weaker size sorting in high, dense cloud tops above the level of neutral buoyancy where fewer large particles are present, and with stronger size sorting in lower cloud tops that are less dense. The results also confirm that cloud-top trends of effective radius can generally be used as surrogates for trends with height within convective cloud tops. These results provide valuable observational targets for model evaluation.
Related Concept Videos
Basic Postulates of Kinetic Molecular Theory: Particle Size, Energy, and Collision
Precipitate Formation and Particle Size Control
The obtained precipitate should be either a pure substance of known composition or easily converted to one by a simple process, such as ignition or drying. In addition, the precipitate should be insoluble and easily filterable. In general, filterability...
Factors Affecting Dissolution: Particle Size and Effective Surface Area
What is Variation?
The range, standard deviation, standard error, and variance are the different measures of variation.
Range: The range is the difference between its maximum and...
Variation
When independent and dependent variables are plotted on a scatter plot, the slope of a line is a value that describes the rate of change between the two...
Pharmaceutical Alternatives: Polymorphic Form-Related and Particle Size-Related Therapeutic Nonequivalence

