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Related Concept Videos

Increased pulse rate01:17

Increased pulse rate

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Tachycardia is a condition marked by an abnormally fast or irregular heart rate, surpassing the typical resting rate. In adults, tachycardia is characterized by a pulse rate ranging from 100 to 180 beats per minute. The increased heart rate can result in inadequate blood flow to various body parts, ultimately diminishing the oxygen supply to organs and tissues.
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Decreased pulse rate01:14

Decreased pulse rate

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Bradycardia is a medical condition in which the heart rate is slower than normal. It occurs when the heart's natural pacemaker, the sinus node, generates slower electrical impulses than the standard rhythm. In adults, bradycardia is diagnosed when the pulse rate falls below 60 beats per minute, indicating a deviation from the normal heart rate range.
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Pulse01:16

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When the heart pumps blood out, arterial elastic fibers play a crucial role in sustaining a high-pressure gradient. They expand to accommodate the received blood and then recoil - a process known as the pulse that can be either manually palpated or electronically quantified. Despite a reduction in its effect with increased distance from the heart, elements of the pulse's systolic and diastolic components persist, observable even at the arteriole level.
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Pulse01:05

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The pulse is one of the most fundamental physiological indicators of the body's cardiovascular health. It is the rhythmic expansion and contraction of the arterial walls in response to the pressure generated by the heart's pumping action.
Pulse Rate and its Significance
Pulse rate, often measured in beats per minute (bpm), reflects the heart rate (HR), which is influenced by numerous factors such as stress, physical activity, and hormonal changes. A normal resting adult pulse rate falls...
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NMR Spectrometers: Radiofrequency Pulses and Pulse Sequences01:17

NMR Spectrometers: Radiofrequency Pulses and Pulse Sequences

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A pulse is a short burst of radio waves distributed over a range of frequencies that simultaneously excites all the nuclei in the sample. Upon passing a radio frequency pulse along the x-axis, the nuclei absorb energy corresponding to their Larmor frequencies and achieve resonance. This shifts the net magnetization vector from the z-axis toward the transverse plane. This angle of rotation of the magnetization vector, or the flip angle, is proportional to the duration and intensity of the pulse.
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Reaction Rate02:53

Reaction Rate

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The rate of reaction is the change in the amount of a reactant or product per unit time. Reaction rates are therefore determined by measuring the time dependence of some property that can be related to reactant or product amounts. Rates of reactions that consume or produce gaseous substances, for example, are conveniently determined by measuring changes in volume or pressure.
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Managing Clutter in a High Pulse Rate Echolocation System.

Jacob Isbell1, Timothy K Horiuchi1,2,3

  • 1Electrical and Computer Engineering Department, University of Maryland, College Park, College Park, MD, United States.

Frontiers in Neuroscience
|April 6, 2018
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Bats use echolocation to navigate, but distant echoes can create false nearby objects. This study reveals three strategies bats use to manage these aliased echoes, improving navigation in cluttered environments.

Keywords:
batsclutterecholocationinterpulse intervalpulse-echo ambiguitysonar

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Area of Science:

  • Bioacoustics
  • Animal Behavior
  • Sensory Ecology

Background:

  • Echolocation in bats faces challenges in cluttered environments due to echo delays.
  • Bats must distinguish between echoes from nearby and distant objects for effective navigation.
  • Aliasing, where distant echoes mimic nearby objects, poses a significant problem for bats.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate how bats manage aliased echoes during navigation in complex environments.
  • To identify reactive strategies employed by bats to overcome navigation challenges posed by aliasing.
  • To present novel strategies for high pulse-rate sonar systems to combat aliased echoes.

Main Methods:

  • Simulating a high pulse-rate sonar system to analyze aliasing effects.
  • Developing and testing three distinct reactive strategies to manage aliased echoes.
  • Analyzing the impact of interpulse interval adjustments, positional changes, and beam-shaping on echo management.

Main Results:

  • Demonstrated a novel strategy for managing aliasing in single-target tracking scenarios.
  • Identified three reactive strategies: adjusting interpulse interval, changing position, and phase-based beam-shaping.
  • Showcased the effectiveness of these strategies in mitigating the effects of aliased echoes.

Conclusions:

  • Bats possess sophisticated strategies to cope with aliased echoes during echolocation.
  • These findings offer insights into bat navigation and potential applications for sonar technology.
  • Understanding aliasing management is crucial for comprehending bat sensory ecology and behavior.