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Net production efficiency (NPE) is the efficiency at which organisms assimilate energy into biomass for the next trophic level. Due to low metabolic rates and less energy spent on thermoregulatory processes, the NPE of ectotherms (cold-blooded animals) is 10 times higher than endotherms (warm-blooded animals).
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Hydrogen bonds are weak attractions between atoms that have formed other chemical bonds. One of these atoms is electronegative, like oxygen, and has a partial negative charge. The other is a hydrogen atom that has bonded with another electronegative atom and has a partial positive charge.
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A hydrogen bond is formed when a weakly positive hydrogen atom already bonded to one electronegative atom (for example, the oxygen in the water molecule) is attracted to another electronegative atom from another polar molecule, such as water (H2O), hydrogen fluoride (HF), or ammonia (NH3). The huge electronegativity difference between the H atom (2.1) and the atom to which it is bonded (4.0 for an F atom, 3.5 for an O atom, or 3.0 for an N atom), combined with the very small size of an H atom...
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The function of the kidneys is to filter, reabsorb, secrete, and excrete. Every day the kidneys filter nearly 180 liters of blood, initially removing water and solutes but ultimately returning nearly all filtrates into circulation with the help of osmoregulatory hormones. This process removes wastes and toxins but is also crucial to maintain water and electrolyte levels. Most of these functions are performed by the tiny but numerous nephrons contained within the kidneys.
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Enthalpy changes are typically tabulated for reactions in which both the reactants and products are at the same conditions. A standard state is a commonly accepted set of conditions used as a reference point for the determination of properties under other different conditions. For chemists, the IUPAC standard state refers to materials under a pressure of 1 bar and solutions at 1 M and does not specify a temperature. Many thermochemical tables list values with a standard state of 1 atm. Because...
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In 1923, G. N. Lewis proposed a generalized definition of acid-base behavior in which acids and bases are identified by their ability to accept or to donate a pair of electrons and form a coordinate covalent bond.
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Efficient whole cell biocatalyst for formate-based hydrogen production.

Patrick Kottenhahn1, Kai Schuchmann1, Volker Müller1

  • 1Molecular Microbiology & Bioenergetics, Institute of Molecular Biosciences, Johann Wolfgang Goethe University, Max-von-Laue-Str. 9, 60439 Frankfurt am Main, Germany.

Biotechnology for Biofuels
|April 6, 2018
PubMed
Summary

Acetobacterium woodii efficiently produces hydrogen (H₂) from formate, achieving high rates without genetic modification. Inhibiting energy metabolism with a sodium ionophore maximizes H₂ yield, making it promising for sustainable energy.

Keywords:
Acetobacterium woodiiBiohydrogenFormate dehydrogenaseHydrogen productionHydrogenase

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Hydrogen Production and Utilization in a Membrane Reactor
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Area of Science:

  • Biotechnology
  • Sustainable Energy
  • Microbiology

Background:

  • Molecular hydrogen (H₂) is a key sustainable energy carrier.
  • Biological H₂ production faces challenges like substrate cost and low rates.
  • Formate is a promising C1 substrate for biological H₂ production.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To establish an efficient formate-based H₂ production method using Acetobacterium woodii.
  • To optimize H₂ production rates and yields.
  • To explore the potential for reversible H₂ storage.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized Acetobacterium woodii for formate-based H₂ production.
  • Investigated H₂ production rates using cell suspensions and batch fermentation.
  • Employed a sodium ionophore to inhibit acetate formation and enhance H₂ yield.

Main Results:

  • Achieved high specific H₂ production rates (71 mmol gprotein-1 h-1) and volumetric rates (79 mmol L-1 h-1).
  • Demonstrated complete abolition of acetate formation using a sodium ionophore.
  • Obtained H₂ yields up to 1 mol H₂ per mol formate.

Conclusions:

  • Acetobacterium woodii offers high formate-dependent H₂ productivity at ambient temperatures without genetic modification.
  • The organism is a promising candidate for sustainable H₂ production.
  • The reversibility of its enzyme complex suggests potential for reversible H₂ storage.