High-Fat Diet Increases HMGB1 Expression and Promotes Lung Inflammation in Mice Subjected to Mechanical Ventilation

This study aims to evaluate the effects of a high-fat diet and mechanical ventilation on the pulmonary and systemic inflammatory response in C57BL/6 mice. Male C57BL/6 mice were divided into two groups: one received a standard diet, and the other received a high-fat diet. After 10 weeks, the groups were further divided into two groups each: control group (CG), mechanical ventilation group (MVG), diet group (DG), and diet mechanical ventilation group (DMVG). MVG and DMVG underwent mechanical ventilation for 60 minutes. All animals were euthanized for subsequent analysis. Animals receiving a high-fat diet presented higher body mass, adipose index, and greater adipocyte area. In the lung, the expression of HMGB1 was greater in DG and DMVG than in CG and MVG. CCL2 and IL-22 levels in MVG and DMVG were increased compared to those in CG and DG, whereas IL-10 and IL-17 were decreased. Superoxide dismutase activity was higher in MVG and DMVG than in CG. Catalase activity was lower in DG than in CG, and in MV groups, it was lower than that in CG and DG. MV and obesity promote inflammation and pulmonary oxidative stress in adult C57BL/6 mice.