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Complications Associated with Underweight Primary Immunodeficiency Patients: Prevalence and Associations Within the

Melanie A Ruffner1,2, , Kathleen E Sullivan3,4

  • 1Division of Allergy and Immunology, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA.

Journal of Clinical Immunology
|April 6, 2018
PubMed

Insights

Patients with primary immunodeficiency disease (PID) have a higher prevalence of being underweight compared to the general population. Obesity rates in PID patients were similar to the general population, underscoring the need for awareness of low weight issues in PID.

Area of Science:

  • Immunology
  • Pediatrics
  • Internal Medicine

Background:

  • Primary immunodeficiency disease (PID) is associated with weight loss and failure to thrive.
  • The point prevalence of underweight and obesity in PID patients remains largely unknown.
  • Understanding body weight status in PID is crucial for patient management.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To estimate the prevalence of underweight and obesity in pediatric and adult PID patients.
  • To investigate the associations between abnormal body weight and PID complications.
  • To compare body weight prevalence in PID patients to the general US population.

Main Methods:

  • Retrospective analysis of 653 pediatric and 514 adult PID patient records from the US Immunodeficiency Network (USIDNET).
  • Body Mass Index (BMI) data was collected and analyzed.
  • Prevalence data was compared to the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES).

Main Results:

  • PID patients, both pediatric and adult, showed a significantly higher prevalence of underweight status across multiple years.
  • In adults with Common Variable Immunodeficiency (CVID), underweight status was linked to granulomatous disease and earlier diagnosis.
  • In pediatric CVID patients, underweight status was associated with lymphopenia. Obesity prevalence was similar to the general population.

Conclusions:

  • Underweight status is more prevalent in the PID population compared to the general US population.
  • Obesity prevalence in PID patients is comparable to that of the general population.
  • Increased awareness and education regarding the association between low weight and PID are necessary.
Abstract

Keywords:
National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES)Primary immunodeficiencycommon variable immunodeficiencyfailure to thriveobesityunderweight

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