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Switching between pitch surfaces: practical applications and future perspectives for soccer training.

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Soccer players experience varied responses when training on different surfaces like natural grass or artificial turf. Occasional surface changes can enhance fitness, but caution is advised with non-traditional surfaces to avoid negative impacts.

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Area of Science:

  • Sports Science
  • Biomechanics
  • Exercise Physiology

Background:

  • Soccer players frequently encounter diverse pitch surfaces, including natural grass (NG) and artificial turf (AT).
  • Variations in playing surfaces can influence physical and physiological responses, adaptations, and injury risk in soccer athletes.
  • The increasing use of AT and unstable surfaces for training necessitates understanding surface-specific effects.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review acute physical and physiological responses to different soccer pitch surfaces.
  • To summarize chronic adaptations resulting from training on various surfaces.
  • To assess the impact of pitch surface variations on injury risk in soccer players.

Main Methods:

  • A systematic literature search was conducted, retrieving 224 studies.
  • Included studies examined pitch surface as an independent variable with physical, physiological, or epidemiological outcomes.
  • Twenty articles met the inclusion criteria for analysis.

Main Results:

  • Limited consistent evidence exists on surface effects on soccer performance and health.
  • Switching training surfaces may offer benefits for musculoskeletal development and fitness enhancement.
  • Non-conventional surfaces like sand may recruit additional musculature but could lead to negative transfer effects on NG or AT.

Conclusions:

  • Coaches should use non-traditional surfaces judiciously, focusing on surface-specific motor tasks relevant to NG and AT.
  • Further research is needed to elucidate the physiological effects of systematic surface-specific training and surface switching.
  • Understanding surface-related demands is crucial for optimizing training and injury prevention in soccer.