One-Hour Plasma Glucose Compared With Two-Hour Plasma Glucose in Relation to Diabetic Retinopathy in American Indians

We compared the ability of 1- and 2-h plasma glucose concentrations (1h-PG and 2h-PG, respectively), derived from a 75-g oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT), to predict retinopathy. 1h-PG and 2h-PG concentrations, measured in a longitudinal study of an American Indian community in the southwestern U.S., a population at high risk for type 2 diabetes, were analyzed to assess the usefulness of the 1h-PG to identify risk of diabetic retinopathy (DR).

Cross-sectional (n = 2,895) and longitudinal (n = 1,703) cohorts were assessed for the prevalence and incidence of DR, respectively, in relation to deciles of 1h-PG and 2h-PG concentrations. Areas under the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves for 1h-PG and 2h-PG were compared with regard to predicting DR, as assessed by direct ophthalmoscopy.

Prevalence and incidence of DR, based on direct ophthalmoscopy, changed in a similar manner across the distributions of 1h-PG and 2h-PG concentrations. ROC analysis showed that 1h-PG and 2h-PG were of similar value in identifying prevalent and incident DR using direct ophthalmoscopy. 1h-PG cut points of 230 and 173 mg/dL were comparable to 2h-PG cut points of 200 mg/dL (type 2 diabetes) and 140 mg/dL (impaired glucose tolerance), respectively.

1h-PG is a useful predictor of retinopathy risk, has a predictive value similar to that of 2h-PG, and may be considered as an alternative glucose time point during an OGTT.