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Related Concept Videos

Genomics02:02

Genomics

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Genomics is the science of genomes: it is the study of all the genetic material of an organism. In humans, the genome consists of information carried in 23 pairs of chromosomes in the nucleus, as well as mitochondrial DNA. In genomics, both coding and non-coding DNA is sequenced and analyzed. Genomics allows a better understanding of all living things, their evolution, and their diversity. It has a myriad of uses: for example, to build phylogenetic trees, to improve productivity and...
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Genomic Imprinting and Inheritance02:30

Genomic Imprinting and Inheritance

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Diploid organisms inherit genetic material through chromosomes from both parents. Copies of the same gene are known as alleles. In most cases, both alleles are simultaneously expressed and allow various cellular processes to function optimally. If one of the alleles is missing or mutated, the expression of the other allele can compensate; however, this is not true for all genes.
The expression of some genes depends on which parent passed the gene to the offspring, through a phenomenon known as...
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Genome Size and the Evolution of New Genes03:21

Genome Size and the Evolution of New Genes

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While every living organism has a genome of some kind (be it RNA, or DNA), there is considerable variation in the sizes of these blueprints. One major factor that impacts genome size is whether the organism is prokaryotic or eukaryotic. In prokaryotes, the genome contains little to no non-coding sequence, such that genes are tightly clustered in groups or operons sequentially along the chromosome. Conversely, the genes in eukaryotes are punctuated by long stretches of non-coding sequence.
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Cis-regulatory Sequences02:02

Cis-regulatory Sequences

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Cis-regulatory sequences are short fragments of non-coding DNA that are present on the same chromosomes as the genes that they regulate. These fragments serve as binding sites for transcriptional regulators, proteins that are responsible for controlling gene transcription and differential gene expression across cell types in eukaryotes. Cis-regulatory sequences can be close to the gene of interest or thousands of bases away in the DNA sequence; however, those sequences that are further away are...
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Comparing Mitochondrial, Chloroplast, and Prokaryotic Genomes02:16

Comparing Mitochondrial, Chloroplast, and Prokaryotic Genomes

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The present-day mitochondrial and chloroplast genomes have retained some of the characteristics of their ancestral prokaryotes and also have acquired new attributes during their evolution within eukaryotic cells. Like prokaryotic genomes, mitochondrial and chloroplast genomes neither bind with histone-like proteins nor show complex packaging into chromosome-like structures, as observed in eukaryotes. Unlike mitotic cell divisions observed in eukaryotic cells, mitochondria and chloroplasts...
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Thermal Strain01:19

Thermal Strain

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Thermal strain is a concept that arises when we consider how temperature changes affect structures. Unlike the conventional assumption that structures remain constant under load, real-world scenarios often involve temperature fluctuations that can significantly impact these structures. Consider a homogeneous rod with a uniform cross-section resting freely on a flat horizontal surface. If the rod's temperature increases, the rod elongates. This elongation is proportional to the temperature...
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Characterization of a Pathogenic Escherichia coli Strain Derived from Oreochromis spp. Farms Using Whole-Genome Sequencing
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Draft Genome Sequence of Enterococcus faecium Strain J19, Isolated from Cabbage.

Diana I Ayala1, Peter W Cook1, David L Campos1

  • 1International Center for Food Industry Excellence, Department of Animal and Food Sciences, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, Texas, USA.

Genome Announcements
|April 7, 2018
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Summary

A new probiotic strain, Enterococcus faecium J19, discovered in cabbage, effectively inhibits the growth of the foodborne pathogen Listeria monocytogenes. This finding highlights its potential as a natural food safety agent.

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Area of Science:

  • Microbiology
  • Genomics
  • Food Science

Background:

  • Probiotic bacteria offer health benefits and can enhance food safety.
  • Enterococcus faecium is a known probiotic species.
  • Controlling foodborne pathogens like Listeria monocytogenes is crucial for public health.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To report the draft genome sequence of a newly discovered probiotic strain, Enterococcus faecium J19.
  • To evaluate the antagonistic potential of Enterococcus faecium J19 against Listeria monocytogenes.

Main Methods:

  • Isolation and identification of the probiotic strain from cabbage.
  • Genome sequencing of Enterococcus faecium J19.
  • Coculturing experiments to assess antagonistic activity against Listeria monocytogenes.
  • Testing efficacy in various food matrices.

Main Results:

  • The draft genome sequence of Enterococcus faecium J19 was successfully obtained.
  • Strain J19 demonstrated significant antagonistic effects against Listeria monocytogenes in laboratory cocultures.
  • The inhibitory activity of strain J19 was confirmed in different food environments.

Conclusions:

  • Enterococcus faecium J19 is a promising probiotic candidate with demonstrated pathogen inhibition capabilities.
  • The genomic information provides a basis for further understanding and application of strain J19.
  • Strain J19 holds potential for use as a biological control agent in the food industry to improve safety.