Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Hedgehog Signaling Pathway02:33

Hedgehog Signaling Pathway

10.1K
The Hedgehog gene (Hh) was first discovered due to its control of the growth of disorganized, hair-like bristles phenotype in Drosophila, much like hedgehog spines. Hh plays a crucial role in the development of organs and the maintenance of homeostasis in both invertebrates and vertebrates. However, while Drosophila has only one Hh protein, mammals have multiple functional Hedgehog proteins - Sonic (Shh), Desert (Dhh), and Indian Hedgehog (Ihh). All of these homologous proteins have adapted to...
10.1K
Design Example: Application of Archimedes' Principle01:11

Design Example: Application of Archimedes' Principle

882
Archimedes' principle is fundamental in analyzing the buoyant force and stability of floating bodies. In this example, a wooden block with a rectangular section floats in seawater. Based on the block's dimensions, its specific gravity and the specific weight of seawater are used to find the volume of water displaced and the center of buoyancy.
The volume of seawater displaced by the block is determined by first calculating the block's weight. This is done by multiplying the...
882
What is an Electrochemical Gradient?01:26

What is an Electrochemical Gradient?

128.5K
Adenosine triphosphate, or ATP, is considered the primary energy source in cells. However, energy can also be stored in the electrochemical gradient of an ion across the plasma membrane, which is determined by two factors: its chemical and electrical gradients.
The chemical gradient relies on differences in the abundance of a substance on the outside versus the inside of a cell and flows from areas of high to low ion concentration. In contrast, the electrical gradient revolves around an...
128.5K
The Aufbau Principle and Hund's Rule03:02

The Aufbau Principle and Hund's Rule

74.3K
To determine the electron configuration for any particular atom, we can build the structures in the order of atomic numbers. Beginning with hydrogen, and continuing across the periods of the periodic table, we add one proton at a time to the nucleus and one electron to the proper subshell until we have described the electron configurations of all the elements. This procedure is called the aufbau principle, from the German word aufbau (“to build up”). Each added electron occupies the...
74.3K
The Uncertainty Principle04:08

The Uncertainty Principle

33.1K
Werner Heisenberg considered the limits of how accurately one can measure properties of an electron or other microscopic particles. He determined that there is a fundamental limit to how accurately one can measure both a particle’s position and its momentum simultaneously. The more accurate the measurement of the momentum of a particle is known, the less accurate the position at that time is known and vice versa. This is what is now called the Heisenberg uncertainty principle. He...
33.1K
Hardy-Weinberg Principle01:49

Hardy-Weinberg Principle

76.6K
Diploid organisms have two alleles of each gene, one from each parent, in their somatic cells. Therefore, each individual contributes two alleles to the gene pool of the population. The gene pool of a population is the sum of every allele of all genes within that population and has some degree of variation. Genetic variation is typically expressed as a relative frequency, which is the percentage of the total population that has a given allele, genotype or phenotype.
76.6K

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Mapping and engineering the human cell-cell interactome.

Nature biotechnology·2026
Same author

Programmable pathway profiles reveal signaling principles of TGF-β superfamily receptors.

bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology·2026
Same author

Integrative vasculogenesis unifies distinct endothelial sources in the developing lung.

bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology·2026
Same author

Genome-wide chromatin recording resolves dynamic cell state changes.

bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology·2026
Same author

Synthetic reconstitution of planar polarity initiation reveals collective migration as a symmetry-breaking cue.

bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology·2026
Same author

Engineering multiple levels of specificity in an RNA viral vector.

Nature communications·2026
Same journal

Coordinated demise of harmful algal blooms.

Science (New York, N.Y.)·2026
Same journal

Genetic effects put into context.

Science (New York, N.Y.)·2026
Same journal

Bacteria share proteins to survive antibiotics.

Science (New York, N.Y.)·2026
Same journal

Impacts shaped Earth's first continents.

Science (New York, N.Y.)·2026
Same journal

Erratum for the Report "Covalently bonded single-molecule junctions with stable and reversible photoswitched conductivity" by C. Jia <i>et al</i>.

Science (New York, N.Y.)·2026
Same journal

Lariat RNA debranching prevents harmful siRNA burst in plants.

Science (New York, N.Y.)·2026
See all related articles
  1. Home
  3. Morphogen Gradient Reconstitution Reveals Hedgehog Pathway Design Principles.
  1. Home
  3. Morphogen Gradient Reconstitution Reveals Hedgehog Pathway Design Principles.

Related Experiment Video

Using Confocal Analysis of Xenopus laevis to Investigate Modulators of Wnt and Shh Morphogen Gradients
08:10

Using Confocal Analysis of Xenopus laevis to Investigate Modulators of Wnt and Shh Morphogen Gradients

Published on: December 14, 2015

11.9K

Morphogen gradient reconstitution reveals Hedgehog pathway design principles.

Pulin Li1, Joseph S Markson1, Sheng Wang1

  • 1Division of Biology and Biological Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA.

Science (New York, N.Y.)
|April 7, 2018

View abstract on PubMed

Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Cells use morphogen gradients to determine their position during tissue development. The Sonic Hedgehog pathway

More Related Videos

Quantitative PCR-based Assay to Measure Sonic Hedgehog Signaling in Cellular Model of Ciliogenesis
07:26

Quantitative PCR-based Assay to Measure Sonic Hedgehog Signaling in Cellular Model of Ciliogenesis

Published on: January 31, 2025

1.1K
In vitro Reconstitution of the Active T. castaneum Telomerase
09:25

In vitro Reconstitution of the Active T. castaneum Telomerase

Published on: July 14, 2011

12.1K

Related Experiment Videos

Using Confocal Analysis of Xenopus laevis to Investigate Modulators of Wnt and Shh Morphogen Gradients
08:10

Using Confocal Analysis of Xenopus laevis to Investigate Modulators of Wnt and Shh Morphogen Gradients

Published on: December 14, 2015

11.9K
Quantitative PCR-based Assay to Measure Sonic Hedgehog Signaling in Cellular Model of Ciliogenesis
07:26

Quantitative PCR-based Assay to Measure Sonic Hedgehog Signaling in Cellular Model of Ciliogenesis

Published on: January 31, 2025

1.1K
In vitro Reconstitution of the Active T. castaneum Telomerase
09:25

In vitro Reconstitution of the Active T. castaneum Telomerase

Published on: July 14, 2011

12.1K

Area of Science:

  • Developmental Biology
  • Cell Signaling
  • Systems Biology

Background:

  • Cells in developing tissues sense spatial position using morphogen gradients.
  • The molecular architectures of morphogen-sensing pathways and their impact on patterning precision are not well understood.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To systematically analyze the architectural features of the Sonic Hedgehog (SHH) pathway.
  • To understand how different pathway designs affect morphogen gradient formation and patterning dynamics.

Main Methods:

  • In vitro reconstitution of morphogen gradients using cell-based assays.
  • Genetic rewiring of pathway components to create alternative architectures.
  • Mathematical modeling to analyze gradient dynamics and robustness.

Main Results:

  • The SHH pathway's architecture, featuring double-negative regulation and PTCH receptor-mediated negative feedback, accelerates gradient formation.
  • This specific architecture enhances robustness against variations in morphogen production rates compared to other designs.
  • Comparative analysis of rewired architectures revealed insights into patterning control.

Conclusions:

  • The SHH pathway's design optimizes gradient formation and robustness in developmental patterning.
  • Isolating and comparing pathway architectures provides a powerful method for understanding and engineering multicellular patterning.
  • This study offers a framework for dissecting and potentially designing morphogen-based developmental processes.