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Effect of Head Impact Exposures on Changes in Cognitive Testing.

Eleni Diakogeorgiou1, Theresa L Miyashita1

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Summary

This study found no significant cognitive decline in lacrosse players after multiple head impacts. However, subtle cognitive changes may not be detected by current testing methods.

Keywords:
accelerometercognitive testingconcussionhit count

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Area of Science:

  • Sports Medicine
  • Neuroscience
  • Biomechanics

Background:

  • Understanding head impacts is crucial for assessing effects beyond clinical concussion.
  • Repeated sub-concussive impacts may have cumulative effects on cognitive function.
  • Investigating cognitive changes in athletes is vital for player safety and long-term health.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To determine the correlation between head impacts and cognitive test performance in collegiate lacrosse players.
  • To assess changes in neurocognitive function from pre-season to post-season.
  • To evaluate the relationship between the number of head impacts and cognitive outcomes.

Main Methods:

  • A case-control study involving 34 NCAA Division I men's lacrosse players.
  • Head impacts were measured using instrumented helmets with accelerometers during the 2014 season.
  • Cognitive function was assessed using the Sport Concussion Assessment Tool (SCAT 3) and Concussion Vital Signs (CVS) tests pre- and postseason.

Main Results:

  • No significant difference was found in SCAT 3 scores between pre- and postseason.
  • A significant negative correlation (r = -0.362, P = .035) was observed between SCAT 3 scores and the total number of head impacts.
  • Improvements were noted in some CVS components (visual reaction time, reaction time, simple reaction time), but no correlation with head impacts was found.

Conclusions:

  • The study did not detect cognitive declines in athletes experiencing multiple head impacts without clinical concussion.
  • It remains undetermined if subtle cognitive declines occurred that were below the detection threshold of SCAT 3 and CVS.
  • Further research is needed to explore sensitive methods for detecting sub-clinical cognitive changes from head impacts.