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Updated: Feb 12, 2026

Author Spotlight: Advanced Integrated Model for Sepsis-Induced Myopathy and Single-Cell Metabolic Analysis
Published on: June 14, 2024
Immune Mediated Necrotizing Myopathy: Where do we Stand?
Abdel Gaffar A Mohammed1, Ayanda Gcelu1, Farzana Moosajee1
1Department of Medicine, Rheumatic Diseases Unit, Groote Schuur Hospital, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa.
Abstract:
Immune-mediated necrotizing myopathies (IMNMs) are a group of acquired autoimmune muscle disorders which are characterized by proximal muscle weakness, high levels of creatinine kinase, and myopathic findings on electromyogram (EMG). Muscle biopsy in IMNM differentiates it from the other subgroups of Idiopathic Inflammatory Myositis (IIM) by the presence of myofibre necrosis and prominent regeneration without substantial lymphocytic inflammatory infiltrates. Anti-signal recognition particle (SRP) and anti-3hydroxy-3 methylglutarylcoenzyme A reductase (HMGCR) autoantibodies were found in two-thirds of IMNM patients. In terms of treatment, IMNM is more resistant to conventional immunosuppressive treatment, therefore, other modalities of treatment such as Intravenous Immunoglobulin (IVIG) and rituximab are often required.
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