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Related Concept Videos

Infection01:20

Infection

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When a pathogen enters the body and reproduces, it can cause an infection, damage body cells, and cause illness symptoms that eventually lead to disease. Therefore, its prevention requires breaking the chain of infection.
The chain begins with pathogens: bacteria, viruses, fungi, prions, or parasites such as protozoa helminths. These can be present on the skin as transient or resident flora, or they can be acquired from the environment. Identifying and treating the type of infection and...
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Stages of Infection01:26

Stages of Infection

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Stages of infection describe what happens to a susceptible host once a pathogen invades the human body. The stages of infection are incubation, prodromal, illness, stage of decline, and convalescence. The incubation stage is the period from exposure to a pathogen until symptoms start. The infected person is unaware of impending illness as the pathogens grow and multiply within the body. The duration may vary depending on the type of infection. The incubation period of measles averages ten to...
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Defense Mechanism Against Infection01:26

Defense Mechanism Against Infection

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Natural flora, body system defenses, and inflammation are natural barriers of the body against infectious agents regardless of previous exposure. Normal floras of the human body refer to the microbial population that colonizes the skin and mucous membranes.
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Sexually Transmitted Infections01:26

Sexually Transmitted Infections

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Sexually transmitted infections (STIs) are diseases transmitted primarily through unsafe sexual interactions. Bacteria, viruses, or parasites cause them and can result in severe health complications if untreated.ChlamydiaThe bacterium Chlamydia trachomatis is responsible for the disease Chlamydia, the most common STI in the United States. This peculiar pathogen requires human cells to reproduce, residing intracellularly. The initial infection often goes unnoticed because it typically does not...
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Factors Affecting the Risk of Infection01:26

Factors Affecting the Risk of Infection

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The hosts' susceptibility to infection depends on several factors. The integrity of the skin and mucous membranes helps protect the body against microbial attacks. When the skin is altered, the chance of infection, limb loss, and even death increases.
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Urinary Tract Infection I: Introduction01:26

Urinary Tract Infection I: Introduction

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Urinary tract infections (UTIs) impact various parts of the urinary system, including the kidneys, ureters, bladder, and urethra. These infections are generally bacterial, with Escherichia coli being the most common causative agent, often originating from the gastrointestinal tract. However, other bacteria, such as Staphylococcus saprophyticus, Klebsiella pneumoniae, and Proteus mirabilis, are also known to cause UTIs. The type, location, and underlying complexity of the UTI guide both...
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Related Experiment Video

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Oral Bacterial Infection and Shedding in Drosophila melanogaster
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Infection-associated vasculitides.

Syed A Haq1, Christian Pagnoux2

  • 1BSM Medical University, Dhaka, Bangladesh.

International Journal of Rheumatic Diseases
|April 7, 2018
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Vasculitis, or vessel wall inflammation, can stem from autoimmunity or microbial invasion. Identifying the cause is crucial for effective treatment, preventing worsening from immunosuppression when infection is involved.

Keywords:
infectionvasculitides

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Area of Science:

  • Immunology
  • Infectious Diseases
  • Rheumatology

Background:

  • Vasculitides involve vessel wall inflammation, often autoimmune but sometimes triggered by microbes like bacteria, viruses, fungi, and protozoa.
  • Accurate etiological diagnosis is critical, as immunosuppressive therapy can worsen infections.
  • Clinical presentation and targeted investigations are key to identifying causative agents.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To outline diagnostic strategies for vasculitis, focusing on differentiating autoimmune from infection-associated causes.
  • To emphasize the importance of identifying causative organisms for appropriate antimicrobial therapy.
  • To discuss treatment approaches, including antimicrobials, glucocorticoids, and other immunosuppressants.

Main Methods:

  • Review of clinical features suggestive of etiology.
  • Laboratory investigations including histology, imaging, stained specimens, cultures, antigen, and antibody detection.
  • Consideration of patient history and epidemiological factors.

Main Results:

  • Infection-associated vasculitis requires specific antimicrobial treatment.
  • Glucocorticoids are indicated for progressive or severe cases, especially when no effective antimicrobial exists.
  • Immunosuppressive agents may be needed for severe or post-infective immune-mediated vasculitis (e.g., HBV/HCV-associated).

Conclusions:

  • Distinguishing between autoimmune and infectious causes of vasculitis is paramount for patient management.
  • Vaccinations, such as for Hepatitis B virus (HBV), significantly reduce the incidence of associated vasculitides.
  • Future strategies should focus on preventing infection-associated vasculitis through vaccination and timely diagnosis.