Endocytoscopy for in situ real-time histology of oral mucosal lesions

This study investigated the utility of endocytoscopy, a novel emerging endoscopic system, for in situ real-time histology of oral mucosal lesions. Endocytoscopy involves the use of a contact light microscopy system with 380-fold magnification. With the development of endoscopic instruments, it has become possible to observe the abnormal microvascular and capillary patterns of tumour cells. The resolution of the endoscopic image is improved in situ, and a more detailed diagnosis is possible. In this study, endocytoscopy along with other diagnostic modalities was used in nine patients. Normal mucous membranes and oral malignant lesions were observed. Endocytoscopy enabled the pathological diagnosis of oral malignancies in situ and the observation of both structural and cytological atypia. In the future, it is expected that pathological diagnoses will be made in situ by direct viewing of living cells. This technique has the potential to allow an 'optical biopsy'.