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Diffusion is the passive movement of substances down their concentration gradients—requiring no expenditure of cellular energy. Substances, such as molecules or ions, diffuse from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration in the cytosol or across membranes. Eventually, the concentration will even out, with the substance moving randomly but causing no net change in concentration. Such a state is called dynamic equilibrium, which is essential for maintaining overall...
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Effective diffusion coefficient including the Marangoni effect.

Hiroyuki Kitahata1, Natsuhiko Yoshinaga2

  • 1Department of Physics, Chiba University, Chiba 263-8522, Japan.

The Journal of Chemical Physics
|April 9, 2018
PubMed
Summary

Marangoni convection, driven by surface-active molecules, enhances diffusion by transporting molecules away from their source. This study analytically derives the effective diffusion coefficient, confirming experimental observations.

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Area of Science:

  • Fluid dynamics
  • Surface science
  • Physical chemistry

Background:

  • Surface-active molecules at interfaces can induce fluid flow.
  • Concentration gradients drive Marangoni convection.
  • Enhanced diffusion is crucial in various chemical and physical processes.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To analytically determine the effective diffusion coefficient in the presence of Marangoni convection.
  • To understand how convective flow influences molecular transport.
  • To validate theoretical findings with experimental and numerical data.

Main Methods:

  • Analytical derivation of the effective diffusion coefficient.
  • Modeling of Marangoni convection rolls.
  • Comparison with numerical simulations and experimental measurements.

Main Results:

  • A spatial gradient of surface-active molecules induces Marangoni convection.
  • Convective flow significantly enhances the effective diffusion of molecules.
  • The derived effective diffusion coefficient aligns with numerical and experimental results.

Conclusions:

  • Marangoni convection provides a mechanism for enhanced molecular transport.
  • The analytical model accurately predicts the effective diffusion coefficient.
  • This work offers insights into diffusion processes in systems with surface-driven flows.