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The 4D Nucleome: Genome Compartmentalization in an Evolutionary Context.

T Cremer1, M Cremer, C Cremer

  • 1Biocenter, Department of Biology II, Ludwig Maximilian University (LMU), Munich, Germany. thomas.cremer@lrz.uni-muenchen.de.

Biochemistry. Biokhimiia
|April 9, 2018
PubMed
Summary

The 4D nucleome

Area of Science:

  • Cell Biology
  • Genomics
  • Evolutionary Biology

Background:

  • 4D nucleome research investigates nuclear organization's impact on gene expression and genome stability.
  • Evidence suggests 4D genome compartmentalization originates from the prokaryotic world.
  • Chromosomes in eukaryotes form distinct territories and chromatin domains.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the evolutionary origins and conserved features of 4D genome organization.
  • To highlight the role of chromatin domains and boundaries in nuclear functions.
  • To compare nuclear organization across different life forms.

Main Methods:

  • Review of existing literature on 4D nucleome research.
  • Analysis of microscopic evidence for higher-order chromatin landscapes.

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  • Incorporation of chromosome conformation capture studies, including Hi-C.

    • Main Results:

    • 4D genome compartmentalization has ancient origins, traceable to prokaryotes.
    • Topologically associating domains (~1 Mb) in mammalian nuclei are separated by boundaries.
    • Mutations disrupting boundaries are linked to developmental disorders and cancer.
    • Nucleosomes evolved from tetramers to octamers, with notable loss in Dinoflagellata.

    Conclusions:

    • Conserved features of chromatin organization in metazoans suggest underlying conserved mechanisms.
    • Species-specific variations in nuclear organization exist between metazoans and protists.
    • Understanding 4D nucleome architecture is crucial for comprehending nuclear functions and genome integrity.